5 10 74 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e468c4848d2bfc01e83f0e5a4309dad9.jpg d92dc2c31dfd3528d685808f58562c15 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4165b2da15eaeacaf2067dd5a282635a.jpg e6d5595740f12d1d45bde59391d36c7d https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/a2a7b11315df4b89ec563a72e47eef78.jpg e7b98b9623d5c09bcdb43fb5a7c20734 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/a4aa343af8144806f2076fbfa40ee90c.jpg 09e5cebe1a7ff58517e244036df4cd8a https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/bad9caf9bcc6c85f3a77761acb541557.jpg c465e5d0729d77c4a68d7530eca329a0 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/0153a11e17e8e5a1421524dca966cb77.jpg c43a448c216be9cead449afc62b31f95 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/99fa1e38dc2d21b9eacc992e4d5b5b77.jpg c12b4e5569d928398085faff5dc11537 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e2e10ba92fa974d567b20d6475c44783.jpg 953dd7c93ed98078085acb4d7cff4078 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/f9353b4b15bd3ba86ddaca130b3c61ba.jpg cf825bab09c6b7bb7a23be3cec8f60bc https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/5bc2dc1f06f5681dda40f6fd628ce972.jpg 558726ce9eff983122a2e1a12bcaf5ee https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/8987614b3eddf740b3de0c2efc2f2f02.jpg 813d71dfe60199c7ec07287448ef5f2c https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/d3fc5f5aa5e49fb2f3e99d7bd18bec69.jpg 93c3675dd1544b6c06c7a35b191998b8 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/11d29195883a97d0464f335276f35ceb.jpg 2fd860c62134bc4555c58b21f5e32ca8 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/bf218679ff741805182cb28dee246479.jpg bf780e0cbee7634c04d9abfc8fd561df Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource German WWII ID Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pferdepass (Horse Passport) Occupied Poland Description An account of the resource This is a WWII Pferdepass issued by the Nazi occupation government in Poland. Similar to a Wehrpass for horses it appears that a version of this document is still used today. The document has most of the text written in German with Polish translations underneath. This particular horse lived in Nienadówka which fell under Rzeszów County (Renamed "Reichshof" by the occupying government, both the original Polish name and German name are used side by side here). This was administratively part of the Kraków District for the German occupying forces. The horse was originally registered at the relevant Ministry of Livestock registry in Sokołów. It was first registered on September 11th 1941 and later had a change of ownership June 23rd 1943. The listed owner is likely Michal Groz (or possibly Gróg – handwriting is a bit stylized). The horse appears to have been inspected at least three times by military inspectors in 1942, 1943, and finally in 1945, but there's no corresponding record of military service so for whatever reason either the Wehrmacht did not want it or failed to record its service history in the book. Interestingly, there's a "Lot Price" list on the back cover with corresponding breakdowns in Polish Zloty per piece. This appears to be the cost of the booklet. The average number of horses in the German army during WWII was over 1 million where they served an important logistical function. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This was purchased at Diggers Military Collectables in Johannesburg, South Africa. Translation by Google and ChatGPT. Additional information taken from Wikipedia. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 11th, 1941 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/b10d41ae33cafd16fa456d329656c7b4.jpg 1474ca56bdb5a4f9091b0f9862cab440 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/678c8da113b9437ec7f9bacd5c3ce9d4.jpg 012cb26580671eee197ea45c71b37361 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Japanese WWII Photos Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo of a young Japanese woman reviewed by G2 Military Intelligence from US 25th Infantry Division Description An account of the resource Photo of a smiling Japanese woman that was taken from an Imperial Japanese soldier by someone from the US 25th Infantry Division. Stamp on the back of the photo reads "This item has been examined and all military information extracted. Language section, G-2, 25th Inf Div. Date 26 Jan 45 Initials (Unreadable signature). The date is difficult to read but is most likely January 26th 1945 when the division was fighting through central Luzon in the Philippines, moving through Binalonan and occupying Umingan, Lupao, and San Jose, destroying Japanese armor in the area. This photo was likely taken along with a group of letters or other documents from the soldier who was either captured or killed and then turned over to someone in the unit's military intelligence G2 for review. The reviewing G2 soldier was likely a Japanese American assigned to the unit by MIS (Military Intelligence Service). This photo was acquired alone with no material context so like many captured period photos the featured woman will likely never be identified. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Acquired from Don Kochi as part of the Tom Long collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 26th 1945 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3ee955be3f1644eb1a39346ef80a7e0d.jpg 44d297fdfe75c2ccccd894b09fa366cd https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/f18247d4fed0f0e6ac826902d9ffa0c9.jpg 34866c08395e2ca9d1e8a8f2f03a63b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource German WWII Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postal Savings Bank deposit receipt issued in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia during the German occupation Subject The topic of the resource This is a Postal Savings Bank deposit receipt issued in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia during the German occupation. The payment of 9,800 Koruna was deposited into account No. 98,530, belonging to the: Senior Finance Treasury of the Senior Finance President in Prague (Prague XII) The document bears: a Postal Savings cancellation from Wallachian Meziříčí (Valašské Meziříčí) dated 16 November 1941, and an official German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront) local office stamp for Wall, Meierhof. The faint pencil entry identifying the depositor is the least certain element of the document; while it appears to read "Bollandt II (S. Komp.)", the writing is too light to establish that reading with complete confidence. Everything else on the document is clearly legible. A payment of 9,800 Koruna in November 1941 was a very substantial sum. Since the recipient was the Oberfinanzkasse des Oberfinanzpräsidenten Prag (the chief finance treasury of the German occupation administration), it was likely one of the following: a tax payment, a confiscation-related payment, a government fee, or another official financial obligation. It would have represented approximately eight to twelve months' wages for an average worker, equivalent to roughly US$40,000–70,000 in relative earnings, or about US$9,000–15,000 in consumer purchasing power in the year 2026. Description An account of the resource Translation (Front) Printed Den Betrag von / Částku "The amount of" Handwritten 9800 K— "9,800 crowns (Koruna)." ("K" = Koruna/Krone, the currency of the Protectorate.) Printed für das Scheckkonto Nr. / pro šekový účet číslo "For cheque account No." Printed 98530 Printed Benennung des Kontos / název účtu "Designation (Name) of the account" Printed (Account Name) Oberfinanzkasse des Oberfinanzpräsidenten Prag Prag XII Translation: "Senior Finance Treasury of the Senior Finance President, Prague Prague XII." This was the treasury office of the Oberfinanzpräsident (Chief Finance President) of Prague under the German occupation administration. Printed erlegte / vložil "Paid in by" or "Deposited by" Handwritten (faint) Bollandt II (S. Komp.) The handwriting is quite faint. A careful reading is: "Bollandt II (S. Komp.)" The last portion almost certainly abbreviates: S. Komp. = Stabskompanie (Headquarters Company) or another military company abbreviation. The first word appears to be a surname: Bollandt I would not claim absolute certainty because the graphite is very light. Printed (Fraktur) Wall, Meierhof. Translation: "Wall, Meierhof." This appears to be the depositor's place or unit designation. "Meierhof" literally means "manor farm" or estate farm, but here is almost certainly a geographic place-name. Round Postal Savings Stamp (front) The circular bilingual stamp reads: WALLASCHISCH MESERITSCH German name VALAŠSKÉ MEZIŘÍČÍ Czech name Date in center: 16. XI. 41–17 Translation: "Wallachian Meziříčí (Post Office Savings Bank)" 16 November 1941 (The "17" is the hour of processing.) Printed at bottom SPOŘITELNA "Saving Bank" Printed (Printer) SIN E.B. 1940 Printer's mark. No translation necessary. Translation (Reverse) Title Printed BUCHUNGSSCHEIN ZÚČTOVACÍ LÍSTEK "Accounting Slip" or more literally "Posting Slip." German Instructions Printed Der Scheckeinzahlungsschein ist in allen drei Teilen dem Vordrucke gemäß ordentlich und deutlich auszufüllen und sodann mit dem Betrage der Einlage bei einem Postamte zu überreichen. Translation: "The cheque deposit form must be completed neatly and legibly in all three parts in accordance with the printed form and then submitted together with the amount of the deposit at a post office." Printed Die Ausfüllung kann mit Tinte, Druck oder Schreibmaschine erfolgen. Translation: "The form may be completed in ink, by printing, or by typewriter." Printed Das Datum auf dem Erlagscheine muß mit dem Tage der tatsächlichen Einlage übereinstimmen. Translation: "The date on the deposit slip must correspond to the actual day on which the deposit is made." Printed Einzahlungsscheine, auf welchen die Betragsansätze nicht übereinstimmen oder auf welchen Radierungen, Durchstreichungen oder Abänderungen in dem vorgedruckten Texte oder in den Betragsansätzen vorkommen, werden von den Postämtern zurückgewiesen. Ebenso werden undeutlich ausgefüllte, beschmutzte, zerrissene u. dgl. Einzahlungsscheine abgelehnt. Translation: "Deposit forms on which the stated amounts do not agree, or on which erasures, strike-throughs, or alterations appear in the printed text or in the stated amounts, will be rejected by the post offices. Likewise, forms that are illegibly completed, soiled, torn, or similarly damaged will not be accepted." Printed Der Buchungsschein verbleibt bei der Postsparkasse. Etwaige darauf gemachte schriftliche Mitteilungen gelangen daher nicht zur Kenntnis des Kontoinhabers. Translation: "The accounting slip remains with the Postal Savings Bank. Consequently, any written communications entered upon it will not come to the attention of the account holder." Czech Instructions These are essentially the same instructions repeated in Czech. Translation: "The cheque deposit slip must be completed correctly and legibly in all three parts according to the printed form and submitted together with the money at the post office." "It may be completed in ink, by printing, or with a typewriter." "The date on the deposit slip must agree with the actual date of payment." "Deposit slips on which the monetary amounts do not agree, or which contain erasures, crossings-out, or alterations in the printed text or in the monetary entries, will be rejected by the post offices. Illegibly completed, soiled, torn, or similarly damaged slips will likewise not be accepted." "The accounting slip remains with the Postal Savings Bank. For this reason, any messages written upon it will not reach the account holder." Large Circular Stamp (Reverse) The stamp reads: Zur Deutschen Arbeitsfront Translation: "To the German Labour Front" Inner text: Ortsgruppe Wall. Meierhof Translation: "Local Group: Wall, Meierhof." Bottom: Dienststempel Translation: "Official Service Stamp." Center There is a large Reich eagle above a swastika, the official emblem of the German state during the period. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Purchased at Dublin Vintage Shop in Dublin, Ireland Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 16, 1941 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/6478a0f8d3343f36dd748726767316e2.jpg aac92ad9186e19bcac3c6449af39727a https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4258d10cfacf6bc3a941a68d3e9d88d8.jpg d8ea156d404e459771f4cc1ef10a5696 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Japanese WWII Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postcard by Steamer Mail Subject The topic of the resource This is a formal business communication likely tied to shipping or travel between Japan and Japanese Colonial Korea (noted in the printed schedule). The sender, likely someone named 信宣 (Nobunori), is replying to Mr. Tanabe confirming receipt of instructions, acknowledging understanding, and indicating that further communication will be given in person when the ship departs and arrives. The tone is very respectful, using older formal Japanese, common in Meiji-Taisho period business or official correspondence. Written in September 1940 it is unclear how exactly these two men were involved in Japan's colonial occupation in Korea. This could be military or related to a commercial business enterprise. Over five million Koreans were conscripted for labour beginning in 1939, and tens of thousands of men were forced into Japan's military. Nearly 400,000 Korean labourers died. Approximately 200,000 girls and women, mostly from China and Korea, were forced into sexual slavery for the Japanese military. Traditional Korean culture suffered heavy losses, as numerous Korean cultural artefacts were destroyed or taken to Japan. To this day, valuable Korean artefacts can often be found in Japanese museums or among private collections. One investigation by the South Korean government identified 75,311 cultural assets that were taken from Korea, 34,369 in Japan and 17,803 in the United States. However, experts estimate that over 100,000 artefacts actually remain in Japan. There is also the possibility that one or both of the correspondents is actually Korean since during the Japanese annexation, the Korean language was suppressed in an effort to eradicate Korean national identity. Koreans were forced to take Japanese surnames, known as Sōshi-kaimei. However, it is also possible that one or both of the correspondents are Japanese colonial settlers. There was significant emigration to the overseas territories of the Empire of Japan during the Japanese occupation period, including Korea. By the end of World War II, there were over 850,000 Japanese settlers in Korea. After World War II, most of these overseas Japanese repatriated to Japan. Migrants who remained squatted in informal settlements. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 4, 1940 Description An account of the resource Front of Postcard: Image Description (Bottom text under the ship): Japanese (vertical, right to left): 關釜連絡汽船 関釜連絡汽船 (Kankō Renraku Kisen) → Kanpu Ferry Line 船名: 景福丸・九州丸・廣徳丸・八幡丸 → Ship names: Keifuku-maru, Kyūshū-maru, Kōtoku-maru, Yahata-maru 速度: 20ノット (knots) → Speed: 20 knots 所要時間: 約六時間二十分 → Required time: Approximately 6 hours and 20 minutes Handwritten & Stamped Text (Right-hand side): 関釜 (Kampu) – Shimonoseki–Busan route 鈴木 (Suzuki) 黒田 (Kuroda) 桑野 (Kuwano) 桑井 (Kuwai) 吉田 (Yoshida) 豊田 (Toyoda) 天保 (Tenpō) The stamps are Japanese "Chop Marks" from officials likely involved in processing, delivering, or screening the letter. Back of Postcard: きかは便郵 (Kikaha binyuu): "Postcard by steamer mail" (likely referring to a shipboard or naval mail service). Recipient (Right side, written vertically): This is the recipient's address and name, written in traditional Japanese order (right to left, top to bottom): 三重縣 津市 (Mie-ken Tsu-shi) – Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 西橋詰通 (Nishihashizume-dōri) – Nishihashizume Street 津協同会社 (Tsu Kyōdō Kaisha) – Tsu Cooperative Company 田辺康兵様 (Tanabe Kōhei-sama) – Mr. Tanabe Kōhei This tells us that the postcard was intended for a man named Kōhei Tanabe, working or residing at the Tsu Cooperative Company in Mie Prefecture. Bottom Chart: This table details shipping schedules between Kanmon (Shimonoseki) and Pusan (Busan): Departure from Shimonoseki Arrival at Pusan 10:30 AM and 11:00 PM 6:30 PM and 8:10 AM next day Departure from Pusan Arrival at Shimonoseki 10:40 AM and 9:30 PM 6:30 PM and 7:00 AM next day 拝復 貴信之通り 了解致候 尤も當方出發之節 汽船着之節に於て 口頭申上候 先便申上度候 甚而不一筆申上候 下関信宣 Respectful reply, In accordance with your esteemed message, I fully understand. At the time of our departure, and upon the ship’s arrival, I will report to you verbally. I wished to inform you sooner, but was unable to write until now. With regards from Shimonoseki, — Nobunori (信宣) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Purchased from Don Kochi and part of the Tom Long collection. Translation provided by Yuske Tamura and ChatGPT. Additional information taken from Wikipedia. https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e2e2c241b1df2567275dfb7dcd6de10b.jpg 82d281fedd9a70c9cd20103226692208 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/607350714450dc1643e10fd9f0f0770f.jpg 3c53531dc12385ca5fa8aeda852b9fd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Italian WWII Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postcard featuring Italian fascist martyrs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 25 1942 Subject The topic of the resource The front of the card features two unarmed Italian soldiers who are about to be executed by a group of armed partisans in Soviet equipment. One of the partisans is Costantino Marini. He was a high school teacher, born in 1911 in Darzo di Storo, in the Giudicarie region, and came from a poor farming family. Commissioned as a Reserve Lieutenant, Costantino Marini left for Greece to accompany the Bolzano Battalion , 11th Alpine Regiment. During one of his many missions, on December 2, 1941, he was on the return journey with a squad of eight Alpine soldiers: near Varos, not far from Podgorica, the group of Italian soldiers was surrounded and overwhelmed by a formation of Slavic partisans, who were taken prisoner and searched. And it was at this point that a bread ration card was found in Lieutenant Costantino Marini's wallet, a card distributed to millions of Italians, but which turned out to be indispensable for every elementary school teacher who wished to continue teaching. His protests over that small piece of paper were to no avail: when the Slavs later ordered him to tear it up to save his life, as an officer, he categorically refused. For over two weeks, Costantino Marini was held, interrogated, and subjected to hardship: he could only be saved if he renounced possession of that card. The other Alpini, later released, testified: on December 18th, after yet another refusal, Lieutenant Marini was led before the firing squad and shot. While he became a Hero of Mussolini's war for Fascism, so much so that the headquarters of the Fascist Party in Trento was named after him, after the conflict he was awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor in his memory: "Returning from a recovery mission, attacked by rebels, in much superior forces, with only eight men, he defended himself fiercely and held his ground for more than an hour. Captured, during fifteen days of captivity, he faced hard labor, torture and humiliation, with dignified and austere demeanor, arousing the admiration of the other prisoners, despite knowing that this represented a certain death sentence. For his proud and inflexible conduct as a soldier, he was barbarously shot. Nova Varos, Montenegro, 18 December 1941. " This handwritten message sent to Genova is likely referencing the British area bombing raids from October 22nd-24th. The first area bombing raid on Genoa, carried out by the Bomber Command with a hundred Avro Lancaster bombers (out of 112 that had taken off from bases in England) which dropped 179 tons of bombs on the city (Piazza De Ferrari was the aiming point). The old city centre, the harbour, the shipyards, and the eastern suburbs were hit; among the damaged buildings were the Genova Brignole railway station, the Pammatone hospital, the churches of Santa Maria in Passione and Sant'Agostino, the medieval "portico" of Sottoripa, Palazzo Spinola, Palazzo San Giorgio and the Doge's Palace. Thirty-nine civilians were killed. This was the first area bombing raid on an Italian city, with ample use of incendiary devices, causing damage and fires on an unprecedented scale (some fires were still raging after twenty-four hours) and deeply impressing the population. On the following morning, Genoa was visited by the King and Queen; Victor Emmanuel III visited the hardest hit districts, while Queen Elena visited the wounded in the hospitals. The second area bombing of Genoa, carried out by 95 Short Stirling and Handley Page Halifax bombers, that dropped 144 tons of bombs. Bad weather dispersed many of the 122 bombers that had originally taken off from England (three of which were lost), with many erroneously attacking Savona (mistaken for Genoa), killing 55 people, Vado Ligure or Turin; in Genoa, material damage was relatively light (among the damaged buildings were the Basilica of the Santissima Annunziata, the Gio Vincenzo Imperiale Palace and the Paganini Theatre [it], which was destroyed and never rebuilt), to the point that the Bomber Command considered this raid a failure (unlike the previous and following ones, all of which were considered as successful and well concentrated) The panic caused by the previous night's attack caused a mass stampede at the entrance of an air raid shelter near Porta Soprana, in which at least 354 people (according to the official toll; others estimate 500) lost their lives. Description An account of the resource The fascist oath on the upper right corner of the card says "In the name of God and of Italy, I swear to carry out the orders of the Duce and to serve, with all my strength and, if necessary, with my blood, the cause of the Fascist Revolution." The handwritten message is transcribed and translated below: Roma, 25.10.1942 Caro Carlone, Siamo in attesa delle vostre notizie che speriamo quali da voi desiderate. Siete anche voi combattenti di prima linea e date il contributo di sangue per la vittoria. Vedi che anche alla tua venerata eta’ si possono vivere cose importanti. Inglesi e maericani dovranno ben pagare tanta vigliaccheria. Con buoni auguri ed affettuosita’. Dear Carlone, We are waiting for news from you, which we hope will be as you wish. You too are a front-line combatant and are giving your contribution of blood for victory. You see that even at your revered age, one can still experience important things. The English and Americans will certainly have to pay dearly for such cowardice. With best wishes and affection. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Acquired from Mercatino dell'usato da Pagnoc Rimini, Italy. Transcription and translation provided by Alessia Fazakas. Information on Costantino Marini obtained from National Association of Combatants and Veterans (ANCR) https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/004cf266d30c709c05a5ae1d0daa9102.jpg c31bb6e1cbcdd0e113e66ce8bb818ff0 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/cb814057fef2d065fde3f5d740875cd1.jpg 2477edc3369b719a2b9a5a4597bc4250 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Italian WWII Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postcard from Italian Royal Air Force Academy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 10, 1942 Subject The topic of the resource This is written by someone at the Italian Royal Air Force Academy in the Royal Palace of Caserta to their friends in Bologna. This was sent almost one year before the school was closed and moved further north as the war worsened for Italy. The aircraft on the front of the card appears to be a Fiat G.50 Freccia (‘Arrow’) with an open cockpit. Description An account of the resource Italian transcription and English translation below: Cari amici Qui niente di nuovo Si lavora come si puo’, E voi lavorate molto? Salutate anche quelli del gruppo Lavabertini, specie Mattino X Dear friends, Nothing new here. We work as best as we can. And you, are you working hard? Give my regards also to those in the Lavabertini group, especially Mattino. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Acquired from Mercatino dell'usato da Pagnoc Rimini, Italy. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource British and Commonwealth WWII Photo Albums Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pretoria Armour Regiment Photo Album of Cpl. Julius Fisher Description An account of the resource The Pretoria Regiment was formed on 1 July 1913 as the 12th Infantry Battalion (The Pretoria Regiment) – a unit of the Active Citizen Force – by the amalgamation of several units: the Pretoria Company of the Transvaal Scottish, the Central South African Railway Volunteers, the Northern Mounted Rifles and the Pretoria detachment of the Transvaal Cycle and Motor Corps. The Regiment began as an Infantry Bn and served the UDF in this capacity for 30 years from 1913 to 1943.In 1943, the PR converted to Armour at the RAC depots in Egypt - for the Italian Campaign, as part of the 6 SA Armoured Division - and has served the UDF, the SADF and the SANDF in both these capacities since then. The Regiment founded in 1913 as The XIIth Infantry Battalion ( The Pretoria Regiment) in 1929 it was remanded 'The Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1936 the 1st Battalion Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) as well as the 2nd Battalion Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1941 The Amalgamated Pretoria Regiment ( Princess Alice's Own) in 1946 1 Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's own) as well as the 2 Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1945 The Amalgamated Pretoria Regiment in 2019 the Regiment was renamed to The Pretoria Armour Regiment. When War came the UDF was poorly prepared, having only begun re-armament in 1936 as a war with Germany seemed possible. On Parliament’s declaration of war after Germany’s invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 the permanent Force was only 3353 and the ACF was 14631 Active Citizen Force soldiers, sailors and airmen. Besides the trained manpower shortage, the UDF’s usual supplier of armaments, Britain, was unable to satisfy her own needs let alone the countries of the Commonwealth. South Africa had to look after herself. Fortunately under the leadership of Dr Hendrik van der Bijl, the famous South African electrical engineer and industrialist, within two years the country had develop her own war industries, making artillery, armoured cars, lorries, tires and all kinds of ammunition and optical gun-sights. In 1940 fascist Italy entered the War on German side when Holland, Belgium and France surrendered and British and some French forces were evacuated to England in June 1940. Italy attacked Sudan and Kenya and in August 1940 advanced into British Somaliland from the Italian East Africa colonies of Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland and Eritrea – which was seen as the root of potential threats to South Africa. From 1940 the 1st SA Infantry Division fought in Somalia, took part in liberating Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and then in Lybia, together with the 2nd SA Infantry Division captured Bardia and the German Division Bardia of Panzer Gruppe Africa in January 1942. The 1st SA Infantry Division suffered heavy losses at Sidi Rezegh in operation Crusader 1941, but fought successfully at El Alamain in October 1942. However, the 2nd SA Infantry Division surrendered to Gen Erwin Rommel at Tobruk in June 1942, losing two brigades and a number of attached British and Indian soldiers, although some units escaped. At first the PR’s war was dull. The 1st Battalion’s 364 volunteers were mobilized only on 23 July 1940, the day after the 2nd Battalion. The PR’s departure from Pretoria station was marked by tearful farewells. Families believed the soldiers would be sent into action immediately. However, many of the men were at home that night as their train had taken them only to Premier Mine. They were retrained and as a unit of the 3rd SA Infantry Division (witch never left the country) they began a period of garrison duties, guarding the eastern border since in Pretoria there was a belief that enemy troops might invade through Mozambique. Then they guarded interned German citizens and performed all duties that often make war monotonous. By October, 1940, the 2nd BN was still much under strength and was amalgamated with 1st PR which then was designated simply the Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice’s Own). Following the surprise attack by the Japanese on the US Navy at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, on 7 December 1941, Japanese forces moved into the Indian Ocean early in 1942. To prevent a Japanese landing in Madagascar and perhaps on South Africa’s coast, British forces occupied the island. As a Battalion of the 7th SA Infantry Brigade, the Pretoria Regiment accompanied the British force. The Regiment took part in amphibious landings and some small engagements with the Vichy French garrison of Madagascar. Given the task of organizing the rear-guard if the Japanese landed. The CO, Lt Col CL Engelbrecht, DSO, realistically saw no chance of a rear-guard action. Instead he planned to turn the PR into a guerilla force to fight during a Japanese occupation. The Japanese did not invade and the Pretoria Regiment went home to prepare for its real war. Converting from Infantry to Tanks the Pretoria Regiment was attached to the new 6th Armoured division and sent to Egypt for full-scale armour training including a divisional to armour exercise in the desert at Khatatba. They then sailed to Italy and were introduced to armour warfare north of Rome, at Bagnoregio, where the first Military Cross was earned by Lt Fred Davey. Eventually, 1200 strong, the PR consisted of five squadrons. One squadron was the reconnaissance-Assault Squadron. As the Reconnaissance Regiment of the 6th Armoured Division early in 1945 the PR needed Infantry for close support. The CO established a Recce Assault Squadron composed of three troops of seven tanks, one for each tank squadron, and a six-tank Mortar Support Troop. They were mounted in turretless Stuart tanks fitted with 2-inch mortars and .30-inch Browing machine-guns. The five infantrymen per tank were armed with Thompson and Sten sub-machine guns and grenades. The squadron made joint armour-infantry operations a reality. The PR shared in liberating Italy from German occupation during 1944 and 1945, serving as infantry in the snow of the Winter line. At the War’s end Pretoria Regiment added to theatre honours of South West Africa 1914-1915 and Madagascar 1942 the honours of, Italy 1944-1945, Bagno Regio, Sarteano, La Foce, Florence, the Gothic line, Monte Caterelto and Po Valley. After fighting as the tank regiment of the 24th Guards Brigade for six months, the Pretoria Regiment was granted colours in the form of wings behind the PR headdress badge. By 1945, 406.133 full-time volunteers had served in the Union Defence Force full-time or part-time- whites, the Indian and Malay corps (later called the Cape Corps) and Native Military Corps, the Woman’s Services, the SA Air Force and the SA Naval Forces of ninety-five armed trawlers and whale catchers as corvettes and mine sweepers in the South Atlantic and Mediterranean. The SA Air Force numbered 35 squadrons flying 82.401 operational missions in Abyssinia, the Western Desert, Tunisia, Italy, the Balkans and the Romanian oilfields and at sea. To supply the Polish uprising in Warsaw against the German occupation in August 1944, Liberator bombers flew 2500km from Italy in 41 missions. All, even Permanent Force personnel, were enrolled in the Active Citizen Force for the period of the war. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 11, 1943 - July 27, 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Cpl. Julius Fisher seems to have originally joined as part of the N.V.B. (National Volunteer Brigade), He was sent to Egypt for training before being sent to Italy. There are lots of photos with him and different Italian women and plenty of tourist photos of famous places in Genoa, Rome, and Venice. His shoulder device indicates he may have been part of Alpha Squadron. Post war he worked in a small arms store depot in Genoa that was likely a gathering point for captured enemy weapons. There is one photo of a dead German soldier who looks burned, and a wounded Italian soldier with severe lacerations on his left buttocks and leg. These two photos were actually removed from the album when I purchased it and were contained in a small envelope tucked in the back of the album along with photos of a dead Mussolini and a photo of a younger Julius in uniform. It's possible that the veteran removed these more graphic photos to when sharing the album with family, but kept them in the envelope. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Acquired from The War Store in Johannesburg, South Africa. Additional information pulled from Wikipedia. https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/fae82ddf5af30fb56e44099c069b6eaa.jpg c50b8fb27d574c07fc14efef966d6596 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/75fd8d836068e32107d7ef2ff0464a3e.jpg 0294dc2b475e2ef424bd3f74c7714515 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource German WWII ID Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prisoner of War A.F. W3000 Transfer Slip for German POW Walter Schmitt Subject The topic of the resource A slip showing his transfer into British military custody after leaving the United States. Description An account of the resource This document gives some of the most detailed information on Walter Schmitt's military service. His identity disk identified him as a Panzer Jager (Pz. Jg.) anti-tank unit. He was part of the 334th Infantry Division's 755 Grenadier Regiment 3rd Battalion 10th Company. His place of capture is listed as Tebourba on May 9th, 1943. The 334th Infantry Division was set up on 25 November 1942 as "Kriemhilde" unit of the military districts XIII, XVII and XVIII at the Grafenwoehr training area. It was unusual that their three regiments (754, 755, 756) were drawn up from three different military districts (754/XIII – Nuremberg, 755/XVII – Vienna, 756/XVIII – Salzburg). It had two infantry regiments (754 and 755) and a mountain infantry regiment (756). The division was already destined for a deployment in Africa at this point in time. In January 1943 the division was transferred by ship from Naples to Africa and assigned to the 5th Panzer Army in Tunisia, in a time where the supply ports of the Axis, as well as its forces, where threatened to be encircled in the winter of 1942/43. Its lead elements of the 754. Infanterie-Regiment arrived in Bizerta in late December 1942 under the command of Oberst Friedrich Weber (promoted to Generalmajor on Jan.1,1943), with the rest of the Division arriving by 15 January 1943. Together with the 10th Panzer Division and the Division “von Manteuffel”, they successfully defended Tunis and northern Tunisia in the "Run for Tunis" in January 1943 as part of the "Company Eilbote" (Unternehmen Eilbote). Between February and March the division ("Kampfgruppe Krause") stayed in the northern Tunisian mountains and remained continually engaged, suffering heavy losses amid heavy fighting, in a series of fierce and costly engagements that cost the division dearly in casualties that it could not replace. The 334th was involved in the storming of Djebel Manson. In late April 1943, "Gruppe Audorff" of the division participated in an attack on the heights of Medjez el Bab. After a week of bloody fighting, the 756.Geb.Inf.Rgt. retired from the heights it had recently regained and moved back towards Tunis. The 334th Division was separated from the rest of the army with the volunteer organization “Phalange africaine” of the Vichy regime, which had been assigned to the Division's 754.Inf.Rgt.(mot.), and surrendered to the Allied troops in the Beja area on 8 May 1943, a few days before the fall of Tunis in the Bizerta bridgehead. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Earliest date on the form appears to be February 21st, 1946 and the latest date is February 13th 1947 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/348230bff4115620aed1d3dc495d773f.jpg 3e6933971e4eb04eef96884eccfd79e2 https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c7d9a43b3537b746a761416055d08d9d.jpg dd8c8feeb6147440ff1c730856c853fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource German WWII ID Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prisoner of War Index Card for German POW Walter Schmitt Subject The topic of the resource POW Index Card created by British authorities for his file. Description An account of the resource Born in Wesel Germany in 1922 he was a university student when he entered military service. His religion is listed as Catholic. His rank is listed as Obergefreiter. The red stamp reads something in German which is likely "Application for compensation under the KgfEG. Delivered on April 30, 1954 to (some center unreadable) in Krefeld" Krefeld appears to be his hometown as he has listed his father's address in Krefeld as next of kin. One of the two photos appears to be torn off from the file where it was glued. It was likely a front angle mugshot. Unclear as to why it was torn off the file. The back of the card has some of his movements recorded. Starting with Camp 180 in Trumpington Camp, Trumpington, Cambridgeshire the transferred on the 5th of March 1946 to Newton Camp, Newton-with-Scales, Kirkham, Lancashire. He was then transferred Warth Mills Camp 177 to Brookmill Camp 168 on the 15th of April 1947. Finally on May 1st, 1947 he was transferred from Camp 168 to Hull for repatriation. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource British and Commonwealth WWII Training Manuals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rafting and Bridging Military Training Pamplet No.74 Part III Assault Crossing Equipment Subject The topic of the resource Prepared by the War Office ahead of both the D-Day landings and operation Market Garden. A fascinating look at military river crossing technology during the final stages of war. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Acquired from Le Poilu in Paris, France Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 1944