6
10
65
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/f15a8d6fcc7d8f9cc6e1b12fe030d49a.jpg
58cb47f6816962a59be86ecc3c7fdfc6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/41a92ea70fafd458ca9b833de8ecb3bc.jpg
3b0a997479bfc757d54d3d559130bd58
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4b52389d02d1b74ac6c40fa51f9ef0a3.jpg
462a8b84f6a627b5e737f421ddead917
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/bbecf8c95183a0b1c3d477b595ca7e27.jpg
382d5e0efaee40188ad3d5a1dc9386c5
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/422220d57a8125c5c21d45faae5d9392.jpg
e0d259caf38336c2ef38d8ef16ffcffb
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/0554fbc8d635b7ef5f130f61fce43348.jpg
f4bcdab469ce12d01d30f42cea613f77
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/456a6b45be2ef764cf588158b880f549.jpg
e9af96f4a69e5b7c8e8795d14c001326
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/b32df9e2c4bb8c019a1c2b72213f9963.jpg
8cb834bbf222f222650083913e9b86cd
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/44d00b1bd7422d48dc82314caa9658cd.jpg
c0161d046f803565a79fe8dc2407cbbe
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c0886669d92e3ae4b53333b1f0dbd2e0.jpg
d3750b28dd5c227328659e3c63527095
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/550a1ebb73cced8278ea35db108d989d.jpg
adce193ac8e72760d7ea19c68eb8b895
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7da5353fc34a4b77041d40b029a176ef.jpg
b27a9efc1755b3330aaaa0826deebf7e
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/12e2c8f31d405715671b62fe4c545ee2.jpg
c8ab2b6f39fea553a17496a36b34946e
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/f7d066cab2bf4086856b775cec2b0f8d.jpg
cfdd7b867f8c41f4990124a440267ec9
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/dce1c0b38e4f785cae9d75b8e24c5243.jpg
0e5099d070377e2cd8380af835d747ff
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7d6bf7de8d98044669f33dab3fe87985.jpg
aeae80257874c2bdd98e8c470a3695f3
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/aecb82424b693e2b4955936b23002a28.jpg
26e810060d7882211044cf11a3cea5f2
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/d3990b434881f9089d570d0508e2e0fd.jpg
77f58475108ac6a85a512000c7dccfd5
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3bb51d9e674ad193c3cda8d49f633336.jpg
dc834a5888da6228dc59389d2c7d79ee
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/a8ecaeed7094dfc2e5cc0ef395ce0adb.jpg
3f5c938ac923bc2ee7120e3e41d1a95a
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3b77493cddaceaf8192ea867b252bcde.jpg
cf91ef229549756508f9eaba248139ba
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/23365de3b41a61a47502e2f262d2a086.jpg
221cba9b0e05d8171e2ab6a9abd5114c
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c861ea6452b48fcd69592352f8835ea3.jpg
e70daa4af1a30c08d50ad8fcdb9f8f8b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/ebc5f32fd37e7392e4edd8faaa4b4bc9.jpg
0dd50002331c6aa93f11d0efb5adc09b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c1bb3535a7329767595e7d1052444fcf.jpg
036f33f23f860bd78ecb2c0beab4385f
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/2488e93597460a1654bc257e2deb3c01.jpg
238b44975f2c04aae78803090a29ce1b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/6106ac5e42462677d49337034b9efb93.jpg
6fcff99a6e808ec981d7a9a2064da408
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7216b3f3a8e6d0f4420d8c0ccd650b10.jpg
b738d238b55d7219e3c706540fe4f661
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/ebf91b0815530682e90112e28fb536de.jpg
8ef3c82eb7f320e6a0d8d31fc6a69c6d
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3d97973810c80fa1e4af1f915f2226ba.jpg
b4fedf39738e1250164106c9c7bb2b32
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3a4e8751cd2628966d7e38c880d3da69.jpg
0f2c1ada9a5e61a3e88e390af08000f6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/974076bfccf7021c27d475f05998d88f.jpg
ddcbfd001fdb98041caceb2e2ce3d58a
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/ff312777f618edd7f5cfc76dac7b137e.jpg
34e148826c9eaac9385e52bb3fbb4771
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4a4af304d11188b22f99f616e59c110c.jpg
b7e34a18a11f792c5e59d1038a234689
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/87470a2a95a0a135fdda95ba1b040b16.jpg
e4632b1794c05c6f092b5224a9256fd0
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/5975d9508e6ab09e865593e929fca370.jpg
26a1110cfe14937f659886fd62d76005
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e105fe128b371375c12436845a35dca1.jpg
256ee4a903a99b434d3bff1a984ae289
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7f6fab11cf9bd49f9ea733c15df8f8a4.jpg
90b67d83e84b253954d4787b2ba018cc
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4177beb35acad5a38ad017f1a1cb7bec.jpg
64652c36eb6c945a5c0cb2c3ced3c3ce
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/b2cb24343dd3ec0e8b822496abf5c39a.jpg
5147f4f381937659ed0d6ebd758bfd8d
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/8671833485de46d3bbc2f7f73bd745eb.jpg
56b58a2c7054837004d006df478a4de5
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/6087afbcf237682f6e6abb4970035e25.jpg
377ab3ac9da7d71830fb4f307923ebfc
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/05f4687f52c114fa70ca1deca87cc337.jpg
cd340f488f827b4ff612c98c8fd2238b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/77990ddd9a2c7e3b169ef761ea4ce126.jpg
7192de39975a65cdc4bb9b74363ffec3
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e47be7be48570f8d903effaa1f80517e.jpg
43d116f438bc29d6ab73eb789430ff99
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/97d5a7cab55f8c21d2a1810d041b23e2.jpg
7870029fdf8ba6ec7bdf3282155ad5fa
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/84f70475b57fbbb94cc3647d4cf3f65b.jpg
c8a529910699202a11a87d0dfb0e85be
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/25284f6e7cf72127aff4dd938768cd68.jpg
479f1a79b8192dc132ffc049e518c210
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/632ca2c69f5a7847f0d3bcea01687ce7.jpg
d56da317d37d1982bde3efadb0fc2678
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7d66a840f2c3d504eb32ffcd7c20c40b.jpg
79050ceb7d3ef27185b861f49c975e79
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/2d13803cb705ab993eed63e3cf629802.jpg
efa77701233409471e69f265c637c81a
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/96003cd9fa5b1fa7d4fcc5e957e6e633.jpg
b72b6313689e795f4da0cd92ad26705d
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/5f2d909c4e1be217b6621a7267c88e29.jpg
800aefe012d5bd825bd2e36e78f7dc0a
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/fd9ddd42efa94d865be5c470e4478c1d.jpg
e7d47315dde84fcca5030b7367051874
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/a076ba722708c64ade40caab8134a8e1.jpg
333c450e11ea8c310993c3d4fc09113b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7e042e2ee2910e633c2776df40c3ee44.jpg
1e81170b575b635c1eeaed22dee8d97b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/5a21e9ee6e7beb6f694b1e90f329f897.jpg
1c5c733dceed20892fd0a7698eeedbc4
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/d3d82639a473a0f2b93a8ab90a77dbbc.jpg
18f97902ed6bd5b7c36413fa75046ea2
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/77cbba440fcdf943bfb4e37d8c6973e6.jpg
04d13a56f8129205029e073abc826428
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/0315c0b108b33b87079817eb867b65bc.jpg
b822349372bbde8c8d5c66bbf570fd54
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e5d46bbd49f47a16830cd48459c6ad46.jpg
61a7349a301a21fdd84ab1d46620c0a6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/a0c12af72a9364bd26d76ee54f3f025e.jpg
e43eba317233588e2792f302d1eb5f18
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/57ae8f385abe16817ccdc2e7531a722e.jpg
daa0e9b7d8189059ffbc8b5f8cf3c420
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/10cea6ceb789f87908ea0d7484a019f9.jpg
7c3f894a17987e70064c41b3f5c7e952
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/75e38627e640a258d01d94a2eb809e33.jpg
7624f1a60675a1ccc1fb82daf60ef553
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/0870699cd228aa7a43d60b963b252b4d.jpg
2fa6f1408cbc13f723349b7164ad35d6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/a361a36663c7d43c15b43a8778cf83d2.jpg
3de23580f725af6c4cf566b2c306351d
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e15fb1ec4e9d98e920452590c7d334a0.jpg
d5f689014b12c9885a85d97237c61ec8
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/1818849001ad703a04bc0de4dd273cb7.jpg
9d1883bb6757e175d8ac54fd708e3ece
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/409da4349269127c5b5ee1278d63a485.jpg
b5dceef026109b7b4fbeb9e0ccb13d20
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/9e42318c29df57267dce189f9db82162.jpg
b4388e01d44d267639ab1f9de053049e
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/eb6cae5bbba9e0b07c13663a0d226387.jpg
894add9097f99a02e5f319a859ceebf1
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/8b1d4f24ec76e54859bfb9e90f9df473.jpg
d7a618824e9c369a752a69e984c33a26
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/0c32aadc33a2923d4ae3554bd311231b.jpg
7b7d1174ea979ff3d236b717ddcf88f3
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/5aea79768bea66cef1f61658bf1cba3c.jpg
8b1f112a86211457380f3cab994fd421
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/ac6b57e14a494cce236f68972bb78ab5.jpg
bad2a59840cf5868f39f848088b2af5e
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/feaac2883e36637e260284bc5d58aa07.jpg
4f3146c38b7a6b4355d86bf5d7e72ae8
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e145a8c0641841931a3a4f532302a4ac.jpg
e5d490f5a3ff8962c48d9dae29517884
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/0d264553b8d08d2102680f3db48cb56b.jpg
7c8401c3a146dd696dd74fb3bc1e089e
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/977a859fa73d53ea91e13b62273d4e60.jpg
1915e25361ec9e81e4266054b49419c4
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/ee984384ed8ffa16e7361abf5415b1ef.jpg
2164128f1adf0ae5e2c2d373b24f01c2
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3058e2f747ddbfd5e084404021050437.jpg
321f444af165fd6d1102cdcab4d65fd8
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7ad31940b5f1ba83f3af06a40b2350b1.jpg
beccf29249bd153824262044209e56a3
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4b6c8732aacb41bf2984a58f0603631f.jpg
2794838be9ca8968c6fdda9a393fdc2e
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/18423c3e0b506a84081eb5d394d2dd57.jpg
0813fedd1ab0019928e1589e69e3a1f1
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/f105c2f3a82bbe5de6e65a9e48baf1cc.jpg
96c80c02d7851250e8a610bc281f001b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/d778d7714e12881af41dc7db03ae2d43.jpg
4a5eb2e8eb2e96bcc4732e919eb0b38b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/9bf5907097d16eafff3b5f8c8149719a.jpg
5f5d95bdd3c9e5e8c323e9e9e47b3753
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/1ad5a6fb1e0c4acc103bd9bcff45e274.jpg
c2bb4eb5a42ea70c6f654b561d653dc1
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/eb4a8db465cb79ea91c5a8eb1a2c77a0.jpg
4a55ceb063ed4871122826682212c498
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e3a1a13707427d61beaba31a1a3b945d.jpg
5e7e9930c5c05c004342937a4e36d297
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e6bef15d0ae7605544fab5449fe501bf.jpg
ce8417c8b44c581b5c8ad1fe1acf826a
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/af047780e12e91ec683f8d2d467ddcf5.jpg
2591f4fd3492684a9bea530f79e54400
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/1e2ed976978b4ed43cadcdbab5468704.jpg
032de505f9f2c1c0ce9b78a4ec168287
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/702c8c049102e0e7334abe2d9e424ca2.jpg
ee2f95b78d6e365b765e4c87bfe842d3
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/ccaf7bf536adbaa5824b91b7f7519d7c.jpg
be4930e4d0d8181e0e5dc2939b0a94a6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/d9f5b3ec4a5427a160190da86345a955.jpg
fd5321d5161905ffc6ab63bb40761d2d
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/f07646f2854e789ac7ee2692c32da6aa.jpg
d771618f22df19d934199adfab3ddf95
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/d33fc83ffbd585c9fc46923be3d73050.jpg
979c94262dcef529ccc5bee5dfe8c4c5
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/10aea56b8ed3436ce7a48ba96e4bfc95.jpg
0546434d20e53d65a4364b3195907781
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/d4468823da4188a3156901365b558234.jpg
b7f205ca80039cddfd802a4ec1506e31
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/5a33bbc15196810a0782ae9b141ffbbd.jpg
b8d905596803b60b9dd7ad726ea74a2c
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c2306b093e61beab930f5a92f19c4b0d.jpg
ba2fc0c85cf5954159f700e041f97507
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c248aab8545672c70ba2ca1ce48e9f19.jpg
889ca65887fecefe0b9e3329e44bfd5b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/fb62d6b2f7a70a7434c3f4c808adb4cb.jpg
327c47573b384b9b215730875ffacd95
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c97381be9ba7b84afe6ff33af9d09e17.jpg
7491b882a60c4185fe0f63794081a429
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/0be396ffc36c309e0a7a03f4612a970b.jpg
7814ce41a656d71ead24747ea3b8d081
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/1aa67c3a7a22468d445eba18f2ab3a7b.jpg
38ee5a812b5f2dbc8d0d3cfe716320cf
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7fb8eaa37eb9e1efbb4a3038535bd345.jpg
59773ab104ecdaf76535a1b3183abe88
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/79550c8cf1c6b7a2a6a284c688461d66.jpg
14a35f6d9c31525a8737624d372bed2c
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3a1b68b8c128c7c0e5e0a819263bb450.jpg
c4c69245752faeb9be2ccd8a900474c6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/77e0150c400294ebd55f96bc5a44099d.jpg
233c3d473d6e368f988e0910e512b548
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/393075eb9bcaeb403c175f88945a3506.jpg
eab4adde154cd077a23acab7296836d8
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/21a2a4d47890867abe70a1d3fa71dfa2.jpg
a64b67d0cfd31d2120d0877e385329fb
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4f7364aa0a867a4a9ac5544d5ce1f8cc.jpg
4be1c006575ecc2a4b8a49f1a3cffab5
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3212f4adbefe81783bc25ab950602f47.jpg
69fe09a392e3f817edcb193034061f4f
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4f5fe5855cfd7d88cfb626ab402371cc.jpg
faf9d6414e6e4e15995a10060864a898
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/daa5f17baa2eff82b1b14c428026d27f.jpg
7c57034a6b835158929f854488e56234
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/68e87613f52bd8f84731639e8fa75cb2.jpg
109263adbab4e9896e8eb6a227c38f13
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/cbfd95f91b5db941feff69cdc052e52a.jpg
6a7c112f527ced07fdd078c2eb46ca1c
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/bb9cf1b20430b963673de740191e964a.jpg
0b4ce693dfff627fc93817af3ceca42c
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e9e9062425e3342d91c4ebff24ab7228.jpg
30df16190bd9a6e49dd3e4a76998b523
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
British and Commonwealth WWII Photo Albums
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pretoria Armour Regiment Photo Album of Cpl. Julius Fisher
Description
An account of the resource
The Pretoria Regiment was formed on 1 July 1913 as the 12th Infantry Battalion (The Pretoria Regiment) – a unit of the Active Citizen Force – by the amalgamation of several units: the Pretoria Company of the Transvaal Scottish, the Central South African Railway Volunteers, the Northern Mounted Rifles and the Pretoria detachment of the Transvaal Cycle and Motor Corps. The Regiment began as an Infantry Bn and served the UDF in this capacity for 30 years from 1913 to 1943.In 1943, the PR converted to Armour at the RAC depots in Egypt - for the Italian Campaign, as part of the 6 SA Armoured Division - and has served the UDF, the SADF and the SANDF in both these capacities since then.
The Regiment founded in 1913 as The XIIth Infantry Battalion ( The Pretoria Regiment) in 1929 it was remanded 'The Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1936 the 1st Battalion Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) as well as the 2nd Battalion Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1941 The Amalgamated Pretoria Regiment ( Princess Alice's Own) in 1946 1 Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's own) as well as the 2 Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1945 The Amalgamated Pretoria Regiment in 2019 the Regiment was renamed to The Pretoria Armour Regiment.
When War came the UDF was poorly prepared, having only begun re-armament in 1936 as a war with Germany seemed possible. On Parliament’s declaration of war after Germany’s invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 the permanent Force was only 3353 and the ACF was 14631 Active Citizen Force soldiers, sailors and airmen.
Besides the trained manpower shortage, the UDF’s usual supplier of armaments, Britain, was unable to satisfy her own needs let alone the countries of the Commonwealth. South Africa had to look after herself. Fortunately under the leadership of Dr Hendrik van der Bijl, the famous South African electrical engineer and industrialist, within two years the country had develop her own war industries, making artillery, armoured cars, lorries, tires and all kinds of ammunition and optical gun-sights.
In 1940 fascist Italy entered the War on German side when Holland, Belgium and France surrendered and British and some French forces were evacuated to England in June 1940. Italy attacked Sudan and Kenya and in August 1940 advanced into British Somaliland from the Italian East Africa colonies of Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland and Eritrea – which was seen as the root of potential threats to South Africa. From 1940 the 1st SA Infantry Division fought in Somalia, took part in liberating Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and then in Lybia, together with the 2nd SA Infantry Division captured Bardia and the German Division Bardia of Panzer Gruppe Africa in January 1942. The 1st SA Infantry Division suffered heavy losses at Sidi Rezegh in operation Crusader 1941, but fought successfully at El Alamain in October 1942. However, the 2nd SA Infantry Division surrendered to Gen Erwin Rommel at Tobruk in June 1942, losing two brigades and a number of attached British and Indian soldiers, although some units escaped.
At first the PR’s war was dull. The 1st Battalion’s 364 volunteers were mobilized only on 23 July 1940, the day after the 2nd Battalion. The PR’s departure from Pretoria station was marked by tearful farewells. Families believed the soldiers would be sent into action immediately. However, many of the men were at home that night as their train had taken them only to Premier Mine. They were retrained and as a unit of the 3rd SA Infantry Division (witch never left the country) they began a period of garrison duties, guarding the eastern border since in Pretoria there was a belief that enemy troops might invade through Mozambique. Then they guarded interned German citizens and performed all duties that often make war monotonous. By October, 1940, the 2nd BN was still much under strength and was amalgamated with 1st PR which then was designated simply the Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice’s Own).
Following the surprise attack by the Japanese on the US Navy at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, on 7 December 1941, Japanese forces moved into the Indian Ocean early in 1942. To prevent a Japanese landing in Madagascar and perhaps on South Africa’s coast, British forces occupied the island. As a Battalion of the 7th SA Infantry Brigade, the Pretoria Regiment accompanied the British force. The Regiment took part in amphibious landings and some small engagements with the Vichy French garrison of Madagascar. Given the task of organizing the rear-guard if the Japanese landed. The CO, Lt Col CL Engelbrecht, DSO, realistically saw no chance of a rear-guard action. Instead he planned to turn the PR into a guerilla force to fight during a Japanese occupation. The Japanese did not invade and the Pretoria Regiment went home to prepare for its real war.
Converting from Infantry to Tanks the Pretoria Regiment was attached to the new 6th Armoured division and sent to Egypt for full-scale armour training including a divisional to armour exercise in the desert at Khatatba. They then sailed to Italy and were introduced to armour warfare north of Rome, at Bagnoregio, where the first Military Cross was earned by Lt Fred Davey. Eventually, 1200 strong, the PR consisted of five squadrons. One squadron was the reconnaissance-Assault Squadron. As the Reconnaissance Regiment of the 6th Armoured Division early in 1945 the PR needed Infantry for close support. The CO established a Recce Assault Squadron composed of three troops of seven tanks, one for each tank squadron, and a six-tank Mortar Support Troop. They were mounted in turretless Stuart tanks fitted with 2-inch mortars and .30-inch Browing machine-guns. The five infantrymen per tank were armed with Thompson and Sten sub-machine guns and grenades. The squadron made joint armour-infantry operations a reality.
The PR shared in liberating Italy from German occupation during 1944 and 1945, serving as infantry in the snow of the Winter line. At the War’s end Pretoria Regiment added to theatre honours of South West Africa 1914-1915 and Madagascar 1942 the honours of, Italy 1944-1945, Bagno Regio, Sarteano, La Foce, Florence, the Gothic line, Monte Caterelto and Po Valley. After fighting as the tank regiment of the 24th Guards Brigade for six months, the Pretoria Regiment was granted colours in the form of wings behind the PR headdress badge.
By 1945, 406.133 full-time volunteers had served in the Union Defence Force full-time or part-time- whites, the Indian and Malay corps (later called the Cape Corps) and Native Military Corps, the Woman’s Services, the SA Air Force and the SA Naval Forces of ninety-five armed trawlers and whale catchers as corvettes and mine sweepers in the South Atlantic and Mediterranean. The SA Air Force numbered 35 squadrons flying 82.401 operational missions in Abyssinia, the Western Desert, Tunisia, Italy, the Balkans and the Romanian oilfields and at sea. To supply the Polish uprising in Warsaw against the German occupation in August 1944, Liberator bombers flew 2500km from Italy in 41 missions. All, even Permanent Force personnel, were enrolled in the Active Citizen Force for the period of the war.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 11, 1943 - July 27, 1946
Subject
The topic of the resource
Cpl. Julius Fisher seems to have originally joined as part of the N.V.B. (National Volunteer Brigade), He was sent to Egypt for training before being sent to Italy. There are lots of photos with him and different Italian women and plenty of tourist photos of famous places in Genoa, Rome, and Venice. His shoulder device indicates he may have been part of Alpha Squadron. Post war he worked in a small arms store depot in Genoa that was likely a gathering point for captured enemy weapons. There is one photo of a dead German soldier who looks burned, and a wounded Italian soldier with severe lacerations on his left buttocks and leg. These two photos were actually removed from the album when I purchased it and were contained in a small envelope tucked in the back of the album along with photos of a dead Mussolini and a photo of a younger Julius in uniform. It's possible that the veteran removed these more graphic photos to when sharing the album with family, but kept them in the envelope.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Acquired from The War Store in Johannesburg, South Africa. Additional information pulled from Wikipedia.
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/553563fa3d5337691b26654eb9d7841a.jpg
e866db254ebd7f7fa515b29f4c774680
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
British and Commonwealth WWII Photos
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
81st West Africa Division Unit Photo
Subject
The topic of the resource
This is a unit photo showing men from the 81st West Africa Division. There are 67 men in the photo. 61 African and 6 white men. Based on the mountains and vegetation the photo it was likely taken in East or West Africa before the division was sent to fight in India and Burma.
Description
An account of the resource
The framework on which the division was formed was the Royal West African Frontier Force. One of the brigades (the 3rd West African) and several of the supporting units which formed the division had already seen action with the 11th (African) Division, against the Italians in East Africa. The division was established as the 1st (West African) Division on 1 March 1943. Three days later it was renamed the 81st (West African) Division, taking the next vacant number in the list of British infantry divisions. The division's badge was a spider, in black on a yellow circular background. This spider was a reference to Ananse, a cunning character in Ashanti mythology, and drawn so that when a soldier raised his weapon to fire, the spider would appear to be going forwards.
The division arrived in India on 14 August 1943. The movement of the 5th (West African) Brigade was delayed, however, after the troopship which was to carry it was lost in the German attack on Convoy Faith off Portugal on the night of 11/12 July 1943. The 3rd (West African) Brigade was detached to the Chindits, and was intended to garrison jungle bases for the raiding columns. The remainder of the division took part in the second Arakan campaign from February to May, 1944, operating in the Kaladan Valley on the flank of XV Indian Corps. In late March, substantial Japanese reinforcements (with some troops from the Indian National Army) outflanked the division and forced it to retreat over a range of hills out of the Kaladan valley into that of the Kalapanzin. In August, the division re-entered the Kaladan valley, forcing the Japanese and Indian National Army to abandon Mowdok, a few miles east of the India–Burmese frontier. The division then advanced down the valley once again, reaching Myohaung near the mouth of the river on 28 January 1945. The division was withdrawn to India to rest on 22 April 1945. On 31 August, it was returned to West Africa and disbanded.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Acquired from Ebay. Unit information pulled from Wikipedia
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e894ed7b13af507d00ac7b52a3b1e56c.jpg
8df45283b1b671924593d9a48f9a16a9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Allied Propaganda Leaflets
Subject
The topic of the resource
Allied propaganda leaflets made for Axis soldiers.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
League of Lonely War Women (English Language Draft Copy)
Subject
The topic of the resource
This appears to be an English language draft copy of Corporal Barbara Lauwers League of Lonely War Women propaganda leaflet for German soldiers. Barbara Lauwers Podoski (born Božena Hauserová on April 22 , 1914 , in Brno , Austria-Hungary ; died August 16, 2009 , in Washington, D.C. , United States ) was a Czechoslovak - American agent. During World War II, she worked for the U.S. intelligence agency, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Her propaganda operations led hundreds of soldiers to defect to the Allied side . Barbara Lauwers was born Božena Hauserová in Brno , which at that time belonged to Austria-Hungary and from 1918 to Czechoslovakia . She studied law at the University of Paris and Masaryk University in her birthplace. She earned her doctorate in law from the latter and subsequently worked as a lawyer. In 1939, when Czechoslovakia was occupied by Nazi Germany , she married the American Charles Lauwers in Zlín and emigrated with him to the Belgian Congo , where she worked for the shoe manufacturer Bata . Two years later, the couple emigrated to New York .
When Charles Lauwers volunteered for the U.S. Army in 1941, following the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States' entry into World War II , Barbara Lauwers, as she now called herself, moved to Washington, D.C. , and began working in the press office of the Czechoslovakian embassy. As a ghostwriter , she wrote a book for each pair of Czechoslovakian colonels stationed there . On June 1, 1943, the day she received U.S. citizenship , she joined the Women's Army Corps . Because of her language skills—she was fluent in English, French, German, Czech, and Slovak—she was selected for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which had been established a year earlier. After an initial posting in Washington, she was transferred to Algiers in North Africa in early 1944 and finally, in light of the Italian campaign , to Rome , to the Department of Morale Operations . There, she conducted interrogations of prisoners of war , among other things, to recruit them as deserters for propaganda purposes . During one such interrogation , Private Lauwers learned from a captured sergeant that the Wehrmacht was using primarily Czechs and Slovaks for "dirty work" on the Italian front. This gave Lauwers an idea, but he subsequently felt her wrath. When he spoke disparagingly about US President Franklin D. Roosevelt , Lauwers lost her temper and punched him in the nose. She borrowed both a Czech and a Slovak typewriter from the Vatican and prepared a leaflet in both languages to encourage enemy soldiers to desert, claiming they were being used by the enemy. The contents of the leaflets were also broadcast on the BBC radio. Within a week, hundreds of Czech and Slovak soldiers had defected to the Allied side; at least 600 of them had the leaflets designed by Lauwers with them.
Lauwers' main focus then shifted to producing so-called black propaganda to demoralize and disinform the Germans. This particular form of psychological warfare aimed to convince the enemy that, for example, the leaflets were their own creations. As part of Operation Sauerkraut, Lauwers designed further leaflets, including one claiming that the July 20, 1944, assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler had led to a revolt within the German army. Another leaflet announced Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's resignation from all his posts, as he considered the war lost. German prisoners of war held in Italy, selected by Lauwers and persuaded to desert, distributed this propaganda behind German lines after their release. Kesselring, the German commander-in-chief in Italy, was forced by the success of the operation to publicly deny the allegations against him.
With his promotion to corporal , Lauwers was given responsibility for the next operation, the League of Lonely War Women . Leaflets were distributed among German soldiers on leave, urging them to cut out the paper heart printed on the leaflet and lean it against their glasses in public places like bars and restaurants. Members of the League of Lonely War Women, as it was dubbed in German, would then approach the soldiers so they could satisfy their own desires and the women's desires for physical intimacy. Since their husbands were away due to the war, they hoped to find temporary replacements in the soldiers on leave. This was intended to sow suspicion among the soldiers that their own wives at home were also being unfaithful.
"Of course we're also selfish – separated from our husbands for years, with all these strangers around us, we'd like to hug a real German boy again. No inhibitions: Your wife, sister, and lover is also one of ours."
– Association of Lone Warrior Women : Leaflet
Lauwers wrote the wording of the leaflet herself, using common German soldier slang to ensure a high degree of authenticity. This deception proved successful and so convincing that even the Washington Post fell for it on October 10, 1944, and reported on it. For her service with the OSS, Barbara Lauwers was awarded the Bronze Star on April 6, 1945. After the war, Lauwers spent several years in Czechoslovakia. However, she returned to the United States before the February 1948 coup and initially worked for Voice of America , the official overseas broadcaster of the United States. She also worked as a general assistant at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. During the war, she had divorced her husband, Charles. From 1948, she worked for 20 years as a research assistant at the Library of Congress . During this time, she met Joseph Junosza Podoski, whom she married in 1954. The couple had one daughter. Upon her retirement in 1968, she returned to Austria , where she remained for nine years, working as an assistant in the Vienna office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees . In 1977, she moved back to Washington. Seven years later, Joseph Podoski died. In 1999, shortly before Barbara Lauwers Podoski herself, her last partner, J.R. Coolidge, died. Lauwers Podoski succumbed to cardiovascular disease on August 16, 2009, at Veterans Affairs Hospital in Washington. Most of her work during World War II only became public in 2008 when the files from her time with the OSS were released.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Acquired from Stephen Wheeler Medals in London, UK. Information taken from Wikipedia.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/82993a7cbe7629bc93b160654ecd3442.jpg
e7627d6c130dff6b1724854c3fefd808
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c001a85f993f048bd6e84e0c4bd9bc83.jpg
cd813d218f85f20b53a4ffdb8d252922
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
US WWII Photos
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Douglas C-54 Skymaster Milk Run
Subject
The topic of the resource
This is a photo of a Douglas C54 Skymaster that was flying "the hump" in the CBI theater of operations. In Bengal, Kurmitola Airfield, India was used as an auxiliary on southern Oboe Route through Burma into southeast China. Closed November 1945. Today it is the Shahjalal International Airport in Bangladesh. It was used by the 1346th AAF Base Unit
Description
An account of the resource
The back of the photo reads "Rips in the cockpit of 588A at Kurmitola, India 1345th BO. "
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/aa57f33d52f3fd43b701df2700e6f9f2.jpg
db7a9a1e46807d233defabf92066e3fb
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e8bb534b7d6cee4261484ef1cdab0237.jpg
9eddfa47ff270b31f9426d7ea234e79a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
US WWII Photos
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
US Soldier inside aircraft engine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-1945
Subject
The topic of the resource
This photo was purchased as part of a group that was taken at the US airfield in Missamari, India. This could be the same Curtiss C-46 Commando aircraft that was said to have experienced damage from a "nose over" in another photo.
Description
An account of the resource
The back of the photo has "Marion Bak" typed on it. This is likely the name of the soldier featured.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Purchased from Ebay
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/d49e66edf120cf11b297f71669daf6b7.jpg
225c4a2138bc65c7c0a46edf62040089
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/84b3cbdb95a619cc8591fefd0aee74e9.jpg
b8e9aadd6dd9341d776842507955358b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
US WWII Photos
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
US Soldier in Missamari, Assam with captured Japanese flag from Kohima, Imphal.
Subject
The topic of the resource
The captured Japanese flag is tied to the sling swivels of a Thompson SMG with the magazine removed. The soldier is shirtless and in shorts wearing a USAAF Crusher Cap. He likely was posing with a war trophy from one of the infantry units that passed through the base.
Description
An account of the resource
Typed on the back of the photo it says "April/44 Misamari
I didn't capture it Just a trophy brought back from the Kohima, Imphal area in East Assam."
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Purchased from Ebay
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
April 1944
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/6acab00999050c5a5c23d8c7c16c4a4d.jpg
abf14e9e936218bee2c556982b0bff3c
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7c1b6232647d94bbe3444828fe932e08.jpg
9780b389e11814a3dc7f9675c15bab8c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
US WWII Photos
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tiger Hunt in Assam, India
Subject
The topic of the resource
This photo seems to show several US soldiers armed with M1903 rifles, some members of the local population, and two elephants. According to the caption they are on a tiger hunt.
Description
An account of the resource
The back of the photo has a handwritten caption that was likely written by the son of one of the soldiers in the photo. It says: "Assam 1944 India Tiger Hunt Dad 2nd from Left"
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Purchased from Ebay
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/b81ed2f64d7346254db9658959cfff2e.jpg
9be64a822a325c70ee138915ce57fcc3
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/1929d6a6f3d5cfd5856614464efc8561.jpg
1749e812dad3c079d85bd05a27e3bd0c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
US WWII Photos
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Two British Soldiers from the 81st West African 1st Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment at Misamari Airfield in Assam.
Description
An account of the resource
The back of the photo says "1944/45 Misamari
Two English friends.
West African heavy anti aircraft outfit"
Subject
The topic of the resource
This photo, taken by an American serviceman, shows two British soldiers from the 81st West African 1st Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment outside of a hut on Missamari (FKA Misamari) airfield in Assam, India.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Purchased from Ebay.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-1945
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/e1cb45ab5f414fd3dafb20b47978e256.jpg
0980c4b4230ac2fbbc0db310fdb44bd9
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/679f1ed1bc0072b6c957a3b4379290a5.jpg
b328ed82a7d377475db77164430ff08a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
US WWII Photos
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Curtiss C-46 Commando
Subject
The topic of the resource
This is a photo of a Curtiss C-46 Commando transport aircraft on Missamari (FKA Misamari) airfield in Assam. The aircraft carried drums of gasoline to China and then brought tungsten back as ballast. If for some reason there was no tungsten on the return and the pilot braked too hard the aircraft could "nose over" flipping forward onto the nose and also the front of the engines. This photo shows an aircraft clearly undergoing repairs following a nose over. This was one of the many airfields used for flying "the hump" into China from India in the CBI theater.
Description
An account of the resource
The back is marked "1944/45 Misamari
And another noseover"
The photo has remnants of black paper stuck to the back indicating it may have been ripped from an album
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Purchased from Ebay. Additional information taken from https://www.thebicyclingguitarist.net/china-burma-india/misamari.htm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-1945
-
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/1e2fb99f41549a846448ac3a97089c57.jpg
6b7341276a170589203dc1cadc62b1ac
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/8cfe6411524f2db7d760f8fb83f47fda.jpg
777d0641b84240357d1d9f3d59105fe6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/1956dd47c58e9c6fbbc5d04e32be764f.jpg
75185f55aedbae4e3df3090ae28d27dd
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/518b1bdd01489dbdd75bdcae036fde9c.jpg
19b0465d01eecd510a5a6a16530b0d14
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/85979ab9aace3c361f95e9088e8dbf56.jpg
9bc88a7c54ed141db93eea7b42c30e97
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4eda846556addc873114b1371f988d1f.jpg
0da00db9aa7d23da94d1aa058d5119c4
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7283c4c3ca65e77ce261e6ef1d58c741.jpg
bb8bb001740d11eb91fe47ca67330dfd
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/9d47774863cee33762500062b0d2a8b9.jpg
fdecf2ba971e53c0f13e1d32fdb80241
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/98eb339caf5a300a5fe854d1294ed537.jpg
7ef6d11ea4f109e4bf90b84be9a09491
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/6bb62962c975df21b89776cf3a7f82a7.jpg
dfb4ecb97c0729a96a65c5822699865b
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c205debde16bec600d6728949251936e.jpg
61399adff4d32d28a8272f45198e5f50
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/9e8e9bf03b988940ddacc7e04a9aab97.jpg
a1559720ba18a161e7de6a9b7e33ac89
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/68050f784e3969f65ab2650af7d7144c.jpg
13793ddbd56544e75338b01e67b7da03
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/9c1434f13e61e779bf31fc3d6017e354.jpg
56939c1c581a0990fca6e08f8c233d0a
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/6f3a2435c6bde1e8efcab64cd38a2976.jpg
9991ce4b9ecbbd3455e4b99eabd652fb
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/9ef3c1022eb397b57f9222cca7f6821e.jpg
d7d0ca5caf893ce9cca8642a67dc84ce
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/3ab9ca64da3c87236e1868ac1d39ddc0.jpg
42d448f90e344bcf4fc6d6fe877fc2af
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/bdcc54a9ac7639b5c50615e6582c3042.jpg
8153e6064bdc44f7c0a088299f333e2a
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/8b07c111ad3cc415778e36e2d2ec00dd.jpg
84aca5eb50a10b5f429ebb2d51c559f6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/5775d2200f5ac08be88cd23b5d9f1bda.jpg
47214e74b1280fbed5ae68b2ba081967
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/ff43607d9a6ae7700a7390f9ea3f8788.jpg
6313cc355663e30fce0fb3a8ad7a5d5f
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/62586a1551db34cfcb8d1797a858a79c.jpg
4b1c955c598ef1e2110eefd1f720fbbc
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/fb1a9bb68ba25d0372bda218ac838320.jpg
4e822edd14e49d22ea81b6e7095c9052
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/f81a5cc1aee91b0e4e7f517c86840bc5.jpg
16ec687a28a733fbec742fa5dd7c4fbf
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/c9a26b5cfd042975baa4b6e36d26010a.jpg
b5180648d466ecaa1964355bcc4be310
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/987d4c62fffb9dc8cec28865139978be.jpg
8c83c0ac33a7e808f0fb5fb59c04a690
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/fafca3b7f896462d710bb1116b00555f.jpg
a67b96f362eb31f820121456c6c080c4
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/7c1af0d7c0c26436207c3b3a292c2a6a.jpg
456272b2bb7107931c336723a09795be
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/0a081f3ddf44ba6bddb55c9907eecb93.jpg
928709c18b99d6691d7ca2e42e583a79
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/beef1ac541456c6eb0e93449c8a2f079.jpg
49d93a6ff021f5314d37bfa6d519e9e3
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/77d67b3695f14561aff2637e5e5fd179.jpg
ed89416650fdfb5babb61da7905469a6
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/4b8894d76f0283601bea892c1e611e74.jpg
154640d97d4b342b10412b92e05bddde
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/bb198e93d0965a2f0278e763c1d094ba.jpg
b9074daeefee486a81df283750acfdf3
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/33dd36b0f2d97bf55ea17d5bcec81827.jpg
139b25741aebde2971e984d55855f123
https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/f73134ba60938ead6ef6d28d83eac94a.jpg
5f2cd31876ab83afd527912975d7cd96
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
British and Commonwealth WWII Pamphlets
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Destruction of an Army The First Campaign in Libya Sept 1940 - Feb 1941 The Army at War
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Acquired from Beware Of The Leopard Books in Bristol, UK
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1941