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                  <text>Document Grouping for WWII German POW Walter Schmitt</text>
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                <text>Newsletter to All Former Prisoners of War in the USA from German POW Walter Schmitt Grouping&#13;
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                <text>Letter from an organization advocating for compensation for those who had been POWs in the United States and used as laborers there. Interesting to see the organization cite the Geneva Convention and fair treatment and compensation for prisoners in light of the German treatment of prisoners and use of prison labor during the war.</text>
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                <text>Full text translated from German below:&#13;
&#13;
"Community of Interests &#13;
Former Prisoner of War &#13;
in the USA - Headquarters in Cologne&#13;
&#13;
Cologne, November 1950.&#13;
At Kumpchenshof 6&#13;
Long distance call 77177&#13;
&#13;
Newsletter&#13;
to all former prisoners of war in the USA.&#13;
&#13;
The response to the open words of our announcement in the daily press is clear evidence of the realization that the association of all former POWs to assert their claim for payment of back wages cannot be postponed any longer.&#13;
The demands of the former prisoners of war - who worked in the USA - have not yet been disputed by anyone! According to the Geneva Convention, the prisoner of war is to be treated on an equal footing with the soldiers of his own reserve army in terms of accommodation and food, i.e. that the prisoner of war under no circumstances has to pay for his own maintenance. There can therefore be no doubt that the US government was not entitled to withhold the wages the prisoners of war deserved. 6 dollars per day must be taken into account for accommodation and food. - As well as the legal situation!&#13;
The well-known dpa report from August 7th ds. Js. has drawn a lot of explanations from various places, none of which, however, should be viewed as denials. What is interesting in this context is the statement by the chairman of the Steuben-Schurz-Gesellscrafft, Mr. Mayor Braden/Geisenheim&#13;
The chairman of the German Relief Committee in the USA, Mister Hauser, wanted to try to get an amount of 300 million dollars released from the American government to support the German housing program, and that this sum corresponded to the amount of wages withheld from the former German prisoners of war ....!&#13;
The idea of using the back wages of former prisoners of war for housing construction is not bad in itself, but no one is entitled and authorized to dispose of these back wages than those who, through their work - sometimes under the most difficult conditions - have a right for the payment of a fair wage.&#13;
The question of a satisfactory regulation of the cashing of the dollar checks, which were paid out in worthless Reichsmarks by setting a deadline, is also open; According to reports, the US government transferred a sum of 76 million dollars to the federal government for the cashing of the dollar checks.&#13;
turn around!&#13;
The paths we will take have been mapped out, and we will secure the support of well-known experts in international law. The prerequisite for achieving our goal as soon as possible is the unification of all former POWs in the USA and the provision of the necessary resources to align such a large organization with the common goal and to push through the legitimate demands.&#13;
After carefully examining the resources to be spent, we have come to the decision to charge each member an expense contribution of 2 DM, which we ask to transfer using the enclosed payment card. Correct business management is guaranteed by the articles of association (see appendix).&#13;
We will present you with the declaration of accession, which must be filled out carefully as it will be used as a document for your legal claim.&#13;
Lastly, we ask them. to notify all former US prisoners of war known to you in order to register their claims or to provide us with their addresses.&#13;
We keep you updated about our work.&#13;
With comradely greetings!&#13;
Interest group for former war prisoners in the USA - headquarters in Cologne&#13;
&#13;
Managing Director.&#13;
&#13;
Attachments: Declaration of membership&#13;
Statutes&#13;
Payment card&#13;
and addressed envelope"&#13;
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                <text>November 1950</text>
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                  <text>Document Grouping for WWII German POW Walter Schmitt</text>
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                <text>Prisoner of War Index Card for German POW Walter Schmitt</text>
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                <text>POW Index Card created by British authorities for his file.</text>
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                <text>Born in Wesel Germany in 1922 he was a university student when he entered military service. His religion is listed as Catholic. His rank is listed as Obergefreiter. The red stamp reads something in German which is likely "Application for compensation under the KgfEG. Delivered on April 30, 1954 to (some center unreadable) in Krefeld" Krefeld appears to be his hometown as he has listed his father's address in Krefeld as next of kin. One of the two photos appears to be torn off from the file where it was glued. It was likely a front angle mugshot. Unclear as to why it was torn off the file. The back of the card has some of his movements recorded. Starting with Camp 180 in Trumpington Camp, Trumpington, Cambridgeshire the transferred on the 5th of March 1946 to Newton Camp, Newton-with-Scales, Kirkham, Lancashire. He was then transferred Warth Mills Camp 177 to Brookmill Camp 168 on the 15th of April 1947. Finally on May 1st, 1947 he was transferred from Camp 168 to Hull for repatriation. There is also an additional stamp under authority and some German writing the meaning of which is not immediately apparent.</text>
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                  <text>Document Grouping for WWII German POW Walter Schmitt</text>
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                <text>Clothing &amp; Equipment Record for German POW Walter Schmitt</text>
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                <text>Interesting to note how his few recorded possessions changed over the two years recorded on the form. There is a stamp visible from the Warth Mills POW camp in Bury, Lancashire. This camp was originally used as an internment camp for "enemy aliens" including many Jewish refugees before being converted into a POW camp in 1941. 168 P.W. Camp is also stamped on the form indicating Brookmill Camp, Woodlands, Kirkham, Preston, Lancashire.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Earliest date on the form appears to be August 25th, 1946 and the latest date is April 26th 1947</text>
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                  <text>Allied Propaganda Leaflets</text>
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                  <text>Allied propaganda leaflets made for Axis soldiers.</text>
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                <text>British Propaganda Leaflet to Italian Forces in East Africa (No. 29)</text>
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                <text>This leaflet was also likely dropped on Italian forces garrisoned at Massawa or another location in Eritrea. It mentions the loss of Kismayo and Mogadishu which was taken by the 11th and 12th African division during February 1941. The content of the leaflet talks of the threat to Italian women and children from continued fighting and would seem to imply one of their colonial strongholds where this would be the case. </text>
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                <text>English translation of leaflet text:&#13;
&#13;
"To the Italians of East Africa&#13;
&#13;
Wishing to avoid unnecessary bloodshed, we invite you to lower your weapons.&#13;
&#13;
You are now entirely isolated.&#13;
&#13;
Your ships in Kismayo and Mogadishu have been taken. &#13;
You are stuck in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea.&#13;
The activity of the Abyssinian patriots rapidly spreads to every mile of the advance of our troops.&#13;
&#13;
Consider our words carefully, we address you for reasons of humanity.&#13;
&#13;
If you continue the desperate struggle you will do nothing but waste useful lives and at the same time expose your women and children to the deprivations and dangers inseparable from war operations."</text>
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                <text>Purchased from The War Store in Johannesburg, South Africa</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Likely early April 1941</text>
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                  <text>Allied Propaganda Leaflets</text>
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                  <text>Allied propaganda leaflets made for Axis soldiers.</text>
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                <text>British Propaganda Leaflet to Italian forces in East Africa (No. 100)</text>
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                <text>Given the places named in the leaflet it was likely dropped on Italian forces garrisoned in Massawa under Admiral Mario Bonetti. What's particularly interesting is the British claim that they are the only ones maintaining "public order" which could be construed in this context as control over the native Eritrean population. The veiled threat of the leaflet is that unless the Italians surrender, they will be cut off from support and abandoned to fend for themselves against the local population.</text>
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                <text>English translation of leaflet text:&#13;
&#13;
"Warning!&#13;
&#13;
Your retreat continues south from Asmara to Tigray.&#13;
&#13;
The war is over, but your commanders, always ready to sacrifice you and your families, pretend to maintain the resistance.&#13;
&#13;
We therefore warn you that any movement of organized groups on the Asmara-Massawa and Asmara-Macalle roads will be considered as a hostile movement and will be attacked by our air force.&#13;
&#13;
Leave the streets. Wait for our arrival and surrender to us. Remember that today we are the only ones guaranteeing public order in Italian Eastern Africa."</text>
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                <text>Purchased from The War Store in Johannesburg, South Africa</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Likely early April 1941</text>
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                  <text>Japanese WWII Photos</text>
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                <text>Attack on a British Tank on the road to Shwedaung, Burma Japanese Propaganda Photo</text>
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                <text>The photo shows a group of several Japanese soldiers attacking an an American lend-lease M3 Stuart Tank of the British 7th Armoured Brigade that is on fire. What's interesting in the description is the emphasis on the triumph of the heroic Japanese soldier against mechanical and technical superiority. Later war US propaganda leaflets would directly highlight the absurdity of this belief, stating that Japanese fighting spirit could not compensate for lack or ammunition, food, or air superiority. This  early war photo goes so far as to celebrate a soldier taking on a tank armed only with a bayonet. Rather than being horrified that their leaders would send soldiers into battle so poorly equipped, the Japanese public was being told to glorify the heroic sacrifices made under such circumstances. Additionally, no mention is made of the Burma Independence Army and their assistance to the Japanese during the battle. British loses are also significantly exaggerated with only 10 tanks and 2 field guns being lost in the battle.</text>
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                <text>Translation of Japanese text on the reverse:&#13;
"Machine or Spirit, getting go up to enemy tank&#13;
The landing and battle of Kota Bharu was unparalleled in our military history. One of our divine solider threw oneself onto the enemy pillbox, confronting the blazing enemy gun ports with flesh and blood. On the Burma front, a solider with only a bayonet grappled with an enemy tank. &#13;
No, its not limited to Kota Bharu or Burma. Ever since receiving the order to defeat the US and British forces, the battles of machines and machines have unfolded countless times in Hawaii, the Philippines, the Greater East Asia Sea, and all operational areas advancing under the Imperial Banner. In every battle, victory has consistently been on outside.&#13;
A deadly struggle between solider to solider- once again the song of victory was with the imperial army. The battle between machines and humans-once again, facing the life-and-death determination of Imperial Army soldiers, their unwavering loyalty and remarkable spirit it was difficult to counter enemy’s mechanical strength. Breaking conventional wisdom and surpassing science, the fiery spirit of attack overwhelmed the power of machines.&#13;
This is also one of those scenes—a valuable close-up attack on tanks captured by the camera of the head office correspondent near Shwedaung in northern Burma.&#13;
Thanks to the brave battle of these soldiers, the Harada Unit was awarded a letter of commendation from the Iida Commander-in-Chief of the Burma Front. On October 13th, they achieved the honor of being recognized for their distinguished service.&#13;
After the capture of Rangoon, the Harada Unit reversed its course and advanced to Shwedaung on the morning of March 19th. On the following 30th day, they blocked the retreat route of the enemy's force. Following an intense battle lasting tens of hours, they captured and annihilated the British mechanized unit consisting of around 60 to 70 tanks, armored vehicles, over ten artillery pieces, and around a hundred automobiles."</text>
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                <text>Translation of military service pages 32 and 33 below:&#13;
&#13;
"IV. Aktiver Wehrdienst" – IV. Active Military Service&#13;
&#13;
Section Header:&#13;
"Im Kriege mitgemachte Gefechte, Schlachten, Unternehmungen"&#13;
(Battles, engagements, and operations participated in during the war)&#13;
&#13;
Date	Operation / Battle Description&#13;
1.9.–2.9.1939	Fighting around the Liswarta River&#13;
2.9.–4.9.1939	Fighting around the Warta Line&#13;
3.9.1939	Capture of Częstochowa&#13;
10.9.–12.9.1939	Fighting around Radom&#13;
10.9.–20.9.1939	Pursuit battles over the Vistula River&#13;
18.9.1939	Capture of Lublin&#13;
20.9.1939	Engagements on the Wieprz River&#13;
&#13;
Additional Notes (Red Text):&#13;
"Sicherung der deutschen Westgrenze"&#13;
Securing the German western border&#13;
&#13;
1940 Campaigns:&#13;
&#13;
A. Breakthrough battle to the English Channel&#13;
&#13;
Date	Description&#13;
10.5.1940	Battle at Maastricht – Crossing the Meuse River in the West Maas section&#13;
11.–13.5.	Pursuit battles in East Belgium and across the Albert Canal&#13;
12.5.	Fighting on the Albert Canal near Zummen and Hasselt&#13;
13.–14.5.	Crossing over the Gette River&#13;
a) Breakthrough to Haelen – Tienen&#13;
b) Fighting for the canal crossing&#13;
14.–15.5.	Breakthrough through the Dyle position&#13;
a) Capture of Louvain&#13;
b) Capture of Brussels&#13;
17./18.5.	[Continued operations]&#13;
&#13;
Right Page (Page 33)&#13;
Date	Operation Description&#13;
18.–19.5.1940	Pursuit battles over the Senette and Dendre Rivers&#13;
20.–23.5.	B. Battle in Flanders and Artois&#13;
22.5.	Battle on the Schelde River – breakthrough at Waremmade &amp; Ruyen&#13;
24.5.	Crossing of the Lys at Harlebeke&#13;
25.–26.5.	Fighting in West Flanders and Lille region&#13;
a) Attack near Ledeghem and Dadizele&#13;
27.5.	b) Assault on the heights of Passchendaele&#13;
29.5.	c) Attack through the Ypres Valley&#13;
31.5.–4.6.	4. Battle at Dunkirk&#13;
&#13;
Additional Operations:&#13;
&#13;
C. Deployed in the operational area during the battle in France&#13;
&#13;
D. Occupation of Northwest France&#13;
&#13;
E. Occupation force in France&#13;
&#13;
Page 34 (left side):&#13;
&#13;
In war: Injuries and serious illnesses&#13;
&#13;
20.7.41 – Rifle bullet wound to back&#13;
&#13;
21.7.41 – Sent to field hospital (San. Kp.), later to Reserve Hospital Nowel&#13;
(Unit: 3./I.R. (mot.) 114)&#13;
(Location: Army field hospital)&#13;
&#13;
Page 35 (right side):&#13;
&#13;
Military service – Additions&#13;
&#13;
Reg. 3./I.R. 114 on 3.7.41&#13;
&#13;
Wounded by rifle bullet in back&#13;
&#13;
Transferred to reserve hospital Nowel</text>
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                <text>This is an early war Wehrpaß for a soldier with the rank of Obergefreiter (Private First Class) in the German 3rd Army 11th Infantry Division. He was a conscript who was born to a ethnically German family in Nieder-Ullersdorf (Dolní Oldřiš). This was part of the Sudetenland that was annexed by Germany under the 1938 Munich agreement. He was involved in the invasion of Poland, the invasion of the Netherlands, the battle of Dunkirk, and the battle for France. He was killed at 28 years old during the invasion of Russia under operation Barbarossa. The report from the Volksbund indicates that he died somewhere near “Nowel” which most likely refers to the village now called Nevel (Белор. Невель, Russian/Belarusian: Невель) in Pinsk District, Brest Region, Belarus — a small settlement southwest of Pinsk near the Belarus–Ukraine border (approx. 51.93°N, 25.85°E). His remains are believed to be buried in the war cemetery in Sebezh, Russia.</text>
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                <text>An interesting photo of Manila immediately post war. The back has 1946 handwritten in pencil in the upper left hand corner. There appears to be a US Army motorpool in the lower right of the image with approximately 10 Jeeps, 1 Packard or Buick staff car, and miscellaneous trailers. There is also a convoy of 5 GMC CCKWs, also known as "Jimmy", or G-508 Deuce-and-a-halfs moving down the road. The exact location of this photo and context is unknown, but the significant destruction of the city from the battle of Manila is still readily visible. </text>
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                <text>Pferdepass (Horse Passport) Occupied Poland</text>
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                <text>This is a WWII Pferdepass issued by the Nazi occupation government in Poland. Similar to a Wehrpass for horses it appears that a version of this document is still used today. The document has most of the text written in German with Polish translations underneath. This particular horse lived in Nienadówka which fell under Rzeszów County (Renamed "Reichshof" by the occupying government, both the original Polish name and German name are used side by side here). This was administratively part of the Kraków District for the German occupying forces. The horse was originally registered at the relevant Ministry of Livestock registry in Sokołów. It was first registered on September 11th 1941 and later had a change of ownership June 23rd 1943. The listed owner is likely Michal Groz (or possibly Gróg – handwriting is a bit stylized). The horse appears to have been inspected at least three times by military inspectors in 1942, 1943, and finally in 1945, but there's no corresponding record of military service so for whatever reason either the Wehrmacht did not want it or failed to record its service history in the book. Interestingly, there's a "Lot Price" list on the back cover with corresponding breakdowns in Polish Zloty per piece. This appears to be the cost of the booklet. The average number of horses in the German army during WWII was over 1 million where they served an important logistical function.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="39">
                <text>This was purchased at Diggers Military Collectables in Johannesburg, South Africa. Translation by Google and ChatGPT. Additional information taken from Wikipedia.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40">
                <text>September 11th, 1941</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="12" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="122">
        <src>https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/b10d41ae33cafd16fa456d329656c7b4.jpg</src>
        <authentication>1474ca56bdb5a4f9091b0f9862cab440</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="123">
        <src>https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/678c8da113b9437ec7f9bacd5c3ce9d4.jpg</src>
        <authentication>012cb26580671eee197ea45c71b37361</authentication>
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    <collection collectionId="2">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Japanese WWII Photos</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="35">
              <text>Photo</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31">
                <text>Photo of a young Japanese woman reviewed by G2 Military Intelligence from US 25th Infantry Division</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32">
                <text>Photo of a smiling Japanese woman that was taken from an Imperial Japanese soldier by someone from the US 25th Infantry Division. Stamp on the back of the photo reads "This item has been examined and all military information extracted. Language section, G-2, 25th Inf Div. Date 26 Jan 45 Initials (Unreadable signature). The date is difficult to read but is most likely January 26th 1945 when the division was fighting through central Luzon in the Philippines, moving through Binalonan and occupying Umingan, Lupao, and San Jose, destroying Japanese armor in the area. This photo was likely taken along with a group of letters or other documents from the soldier who was either captured or killed and then turned over to someone in the unit's military intelligence G2 for review. The reviewing G2 soldier was likely a Japanese American assigned to the unit by MIS (Military Intelligence Service). This photo was acquired alone with no material context so like many captured period photos the featured woman will likely never be identified.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33">
                <text>Acquired from Don Kochi as part of the Tom Long collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34">
                <text>January 26th 1945</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
