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                  <text>US WWII Photos</text>
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                <text>US Soldier inside aircraft engine</text>
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                <text>1944-1945</text>
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                <text>This photo was purchased as part of a group that was taken at the US airfield in Missamari, India. This could be the same Curtiss C-46 Commando aircraft that was said to have experienced damage from a "nose over" in another photo. </text>
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                <text>The back of the photo has "Marion Bak" typed on it. This is likely the name of the soldier featured.</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Ebay</text>
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                <text>Douglas C-54 Skymaster Milk Run</text>
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                <text>This is a photo of a Douglas C54 Skymaster that was flying "the hump" in the CBI theater of operations. In Bengal, Kurmitola Airfield, India was used as an auxiliary on southern Oboe Route through Burma into southeast China. Closed November 1945. Today  it is the Shahjalal International Airport in Bangladesh. It was used by the 1346th AAF Base Unit</text>
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                <text>The back of the photo reads "Rips in the cockpit of 588A at Kurmitola, India 1345th BO. "</text>
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                  <text>Allied Propaganda Leaflets</text>
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                  <text>Allied propaganda leaflets made for Axis soldiers.</text>
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                <text>League of Lonely War Women (English Language Draft Copy)</text>
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                <text>This appears to be an English language draft copy of Corporal Barbara Lauwers League of Lonely War Women propaganda leaflet for German soldiers. Barbara Lauwers Podoski (born Božena Hauserová on April 22 , 1914 , in Brno , Austria-Hungary ; died August 16, 2009 , in Washington, D.C. , United States ) was a Czechoslovak - American agent. During World War II, she worked for the U.S. intelligence agency, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Her propaganda operations led hundreds of soldiers to defect to the Allied side . Barbara Lauwers was born Božena Hauserová in Brno , which at that time belonged to Austria-Hungary and from 1918 to Czechoslovakia . She studied law at the University of Paris and Masaryk University in her birthplace. She earned her doctorate in law from the latter and subsequently worked as a lawyer. In 1939, when Czechoslovakia was occupied by Nazi Germany , she married the American Charles Lauwers in Zlín and emigrated with him to the Belgian Congo , where she worked for the shoe manufacturer Bata . Two years later, the couple emigrated to New York .&#13;
&#13;
When Charles Lauwers volunteered for the U.S. Army in 1941, following the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States' entry into World War II , Barbara Lauwers, as she now called herself, moved to Washington, D.C. , and began working in the press office of the Czechoslovakian embassy. As a ghostwriter , she wrote a book for each pair of Czechoslovakian colonels stationed there . On June 1, 1943, the day she received U.S. citizenship , she joined the Women's Army Corps . Because of her language skills—she was fluent in English, French, German, Czech, and Slovak—she was selected for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which had been established a year earlier. After an initial posting in Washington, she was transferred to Algiers in North Africa in early 1944 and finally, in light of the Italian campaign , to Rome , to the Department of Morale Operations . There, she conducted interrogations of prisoners of war , among other things, to recruit them as deserters for propaganda purposes . During one such interrogation , Private Lauwers learned from a captured sergeant that the Wehrmacht was using primarily Czechs and Slovaks for "dirty work" on the Italian front. This gave Lauwers an idea, but he subsequently felt her wrath. When he spoke disparagingly about US President Franklin D. Roosevelt , Lauwers lost her temper and punched him in the nose.  She borrowed both a Czech and a Slovak typewriter from the Vatican and prepared a leaflet in both languages ​​to encourage enemy soldiers to desert, claiming they were being used by the enemy. The contents of the leaflets were also broadcast on the BBC radio. Within a week, hundreds of Czech and Slovak soldiers had defected to the Allied side; at least 600 of them had the leaflets designed by Lauwers with them. &#13;
&#13;
Lauwers' main focus then shifted to producing so-called black propaganda to demoralize and disinform the Germans. This particular form of psychological warfare aimed to convince the enemy that, for example, the leaflets were their own creations. As part of Operation Sauerkraut, Lauwers designed further leaflets, including one claiming that the July 20, 1944, assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler had led to a revolt within the German army. Another leaflet announced Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's resignation from all his posts, as he considered the war lost.  German prisoners of war held in Italy, selected by Lauwers and persuaded to desert, distributed this propaganda behind German lines after their release.  Kesselring, the German commander-in-chief in Italy, was forced by the success of the operation to publicly deny the allegations against him.&#13;
&#13;
With his promotion to corporal , Lauwers was given responsibility for the next operation, the League of Lonely War Women . Leaflets were distributed among German soldiers on leave, urging them to cut out the paper heart printed on the leaflet and lean it against their glasses in public places like bars and restaurants. Members of the League of Lonely War Women, as it was dubbed in German, would then approach the soldiers so they could satisfy their own desires and the women's desires for physical intimacy. Since their husbands were away due to the war, they hoped to find temporary replacements in the soldiers on leave. This was intended to sow suspicion among the soldiers that their own wives at home were also being unfaithful.&#13;
&#13;
"Of course we're also selfish – separated from our husbands for years, with all these strangers around us, we'd like to hug a real German boy again. No inhibitions: Your wife, sister, and lover is also one of ours."&#13;
&#13;
– Association of Lone Warrior Women : Leaflet&#13;
Lauwers wrote the wording of the leaflet herself, using common German soldier slang to ensure a high degree of authenticity. This deception proved successful and so convincing that even the Washington Post fell for it on October 10, 1944, and reported on it. For her service with the OSS, Barbara Lauwers was awarded the Bronze Star on April 6, 1945. After the war, Lauwers spent several years in Czechoslovakia. However, she returned to the United States before the February 1948 coup and initially worked for Voice of America , the official overseas broadcaster of the United States.  She also worked as a general assistant at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. During the war, she had divorced her husband, Charles.  From 1948, she worked for 20 years as a research assistant at the Library of Congress . During this time, she met Joseph Junosza Podoski, whom she married in 1954. The couple had one daughter. Upon her retirement in 1968, she returned to Austria , where she remained for nine years, working as an assistant in the Vienna office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees . In 1977, she moved back to Washington. Seven years later, Joseph Podoski died. In 1999, shortly before Barbara Lauwers Podoski herself, her last partner, J.R. Coolidge, died. Lauwers Podoski succumbed to cardiovascular disease on August 16, 2009, at Veterans Affairs Hospital in Washington.  Most of her work during World War II only became public in 2008 when the files from her time with the OSS were released.</text>
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                <text>Acquired from Stephen Wheeler Medals in London, UK. Information taken from Wikipedia.</text>
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                <text>1944</text>
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                <text>81st West Africa Division Unit Photo</text>
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                <text>This is a unit photo showing men from the 81st West Africa Division. There are 67 men in the photo. 61 African and 6 white men. Based on the mountains and vegetation the photo it was likely taken in East or West Africa before the division was sent to fight in India and Burma.</text>
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                <text>The framework on which the division was formed was the Royal West African Frontier Force. One of the brigades (the 3rd West African) and several of the supporting units which formed the division had already seen action with the 11th (African) Division, against the Italians in East Africa. The division was established as the 1st (West African) Division on 1 March 1943. Three days later it was renamed the 81st (West African) Division, taking the next vacant number in the list of British infantry divisions. The division's badge was a spider, in black on a yellow circular background. This spider was a reference to Ananse, a cunning character in Ashanti mythology, and drawn so that when a soldier raised his weapon to fire, the spider would appear to be going forwards.&#13;
The division arrived in India on 14 August 1943. The movement of the 5th (West African) Brigade was delayed, however, after the troopship which was to carry it was lost in the German attack on Convoy Faith off Portugal on the night of 11/12 July 1943. The 3rd (West African) Brigade was detached to the Chindits, and was intended to garrison jungle bases for the raiding columns. The remainder of the division took part in the second Arakan campaign from February to May, 1944, operating in the Kaladan Valley on the flank of XV Indian Corps. In late March, substantial Japanese reinforcements (with some troops from the Indian National Army) outflanked the division and forced it to retreat over a range of hills out of the Kaladan valley into that of the Kalapanzin. In August, the division re-entered the Kaladan valley, forcing the Japanese and Indian National Army to abandon Mowdok, a few miles east of the India–Burmese frontier. The division then advanced down the valley once again, reaching Myohaung near the mouth of the river on 28 January 1945. The division was withdrawn to India to rest on 22 April 1945. On 31 August, it was returned to West Africa and disbanded.</text>
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                <text>Acquired from Ebay. Unit information pulled from Wikipedia</text>
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                <text>1943-1945</text>
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                <text>Pretoria Armour Regiment Photo Album of Cpl. Julius Fisher</text>
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                <text>The Pretoria Regiment was formed on 1 July 1913 as the 12th Infantry Battalion (The Pretoria Regiment) – a unit of the Active Citizen Force – by the amalgamation of several units: the Pretoria Company of the Transvaal Scottish, the Central South African Railway Volunteers, the Northern Mounted Rifles and the Pretoria detachment of the Transvaal Cycle and Motor Corps. The Regiment began as an Infantry Bn and served the UDF in this capacity for 30 years from 1913 to 1943.In 1943, the PR converted to Armour at the RAC depots in Egypt - for the Italian Campaign, as part of the 6 SA Armoured Division - and has served the UDF, the SADF and the SANDF in both these capacities since then.&#13;
&#13;
The Regiment founded in 1913 as The XIIth Infantry Battalion ( The Pretoria Regiment) in 1929 it was remanded 'The Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1936 the 1st Battalion Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) as well as the 2nd Battalion Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1941 The Amalgamated Pretoria Regiment ( Princess Alice's Own) in 1946 1 Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's own) as well as the 2 Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice's Own) in 1945 The Amalgamated Pretoria Regiment in 2019 the Regiment was renamed to The Pretoria Armour Regiment.&#13;
&#13;
When War came the UDF was poorly prepared, having only begun re-armament in 1936 as a war with Germany seemed possible. On Parliament’s declaration of war after Germany’s invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 the permanent Force was only 3353 and the ACF was 14631 Active Citizen Force soldiers, sailors and airmen.&#13;
&#13;
Besides the trained manpower shortage, the UDF’s usual supplier of armaments, Britain, was unable to satisfy her own needs let alone the countries of the Commonwealth. South Africa had to look after herself. Fortunately under the leadership of Dr Hendrik van der Bijl, the famous South African electrical engineer and industrialist, within two years the country had develop her own war industries, making artillery, armoured cars, lorries, tires and all kinds of ammunition and optical gun-sights.&#13;
&#13;
In 1940 fascist Italy entered the War on German side when Holland, Belgium and France surrendered and British and some French forces were evacuated to England in June 1940. Italy attacked Sudan and Kenya and in August 1940 advanced into British Somaliland from the Italian East Africa colonies of Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland and Eritrea – which was seen as the root of potential threats to South Africa. From 1940 the 1st SA Infantry Division fought in Somalia, took part in liberating Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and then in Lybia, together with the 2nd SA Infantry Division captured Bardia and the German Division Bardia of Panzer Gruppe Africa in January 1942. The 1st SA Infantry Division suffered heavy losses at Sidi Rezegh in operation Crusader 1941, but fought successfully at El Alamain in October 1942. However, the 2nd SA Infantry Division surrendered to Gen Erwin Rommel at Tobruk in June 1942, losing two brigades and a number of attached British and Indian soldiers, although some units escaped.&#13;
&#13;
At first the PR’s war was dull. The 1st Battalion’s 364 volunteers were mobilized only on 23 July 1940, the day after the 2nd Battalion. The PR’s departure from Pretoria station was marked by tearful farewells. Families believed the soldiers would be sent into action immediately. However, many of the men were at home that night as their train had taken them only to Premier Mine. They were retrained and as a unit of the 3rd SA Infantry Division (witch never left the country) they began a period of garrison duties, guarding the eastern border since in Pretoria there was a belief that enemy troops might invade through Mozambique. Then they guarded interned German citizens and performed all duties that often make war monotonous. By October, 1940, the 2nd BN was still much under strength and was amalgamated with 1st PR which then was designated simply the Pretoria Regiment (Princess Alice’s Own).&#13;
&#13;
Following the surprise attack by the Japanese on the US Navy at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, on 7 December 1941, Japanese forces moved into the Indian Ocean early in 1942. To prevent a Japanese landing in Madagascar and perhaps on South Africa’s coast, British forces occupied the island. As a Battalion of the 7th SA Infantry Brigade, the Pretoria Regiment accompanied the British force. The Regiment took part in amphibious landings and some small engagements with the Vichy French garrison of Madagascar. Given the task of organizing the rear-guard if the Japanese landed. The CO, Lt Col CL Engelbrecht, DSO, realistically saw no chance of a rear-guard action. Instead he planned to turn the PR into a guerilla force to fight during a Japanese occupation. The Japanese did not invade and the Pretoria Regiment went home to prepare for its real war.&#13;
&#13;
Converting from Infantry to Tanks the Pretoria Regiment was attached to the new 6th Armoured division and sent to Egypt for full-scale armour training including a divisional to armour exercise in the desert at Khatatba. They then sailed to Italy and were introduced to armour warfare north of Rome, at Bagnoregio, where the first Military Cross was earned by Lt Fred Davey. Eventually, 1200 strong, the PR consisted of five squadrons. One squadron was the reconnaissance-Assault Squadron. As the Reconnaissance Regiment of the 6th Armoured Division early in 1945 the PR needed Infantry for close support. The CO established a Recce Assault Squadron composed of three troops of seven tanks, one for each tank squadron, and a six-tank Mortar Support Troop. They were mounted in turretless Stuart tanks fitted with 2-inch mortars and .30-inch Browing machine-guns. The five infantrymen per tank were armed with Thompson and Sten sub-machine guns and grenades. The squadron made joint armour-infantry operations a reality.&#13;
&#13;
The PR shared in liberating Italy from German occupation during 1944 and 1945, serving as infantry in the snow of the Winter line. At the War’s end Pretoria Regiment added to theatre honours of South West Africa 1914-1915 and Madagascar 1942 the honours of, Italy 1944-1945, Bagno Regio, Sarteano, La Foce, Florence, the Gothic line, Monte Caterelto and Po Valley. After fighting as the tank regiment of the 24th Guards Brigade for six months, the Pretoria Regiment was granted colours in the form of wings behind the PR headdress badge.&#13;
&#13;
By 1945, 406.133 full-time volunteers had served in the Union Defence Force full-time or part-time- whites, the Indian and Malay corps (later called the Cape Corps) and Native Military Corps, the Woman’s Services, the SA Air Force and the SA Naval Forces of ninety-five armed trawlers and whale catchers as corvettes and mine sweepers in the South Atlantic and Mediterranean. The SA Air Force numbered 35 squadrons flying 82.401 operational missions in Abyssinia, the Western Desert, Tunisia, Italy, the Balkans and the Romanian oilfields and at sea. To supply the Polish uprising in Warsaw against the German occupation in August 1944, Liberator bombers flew 2500km from Italy in 41 missions. All, even Permanent Force personnel, were enrolled in the Active Citizen Force for the period of the war.</text>
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                <text>Cpl. Julius Fisher seems to have originally joined as part of the N.V.B. (National Volunteer Brigade), He was sent to Egypt for training before being sent to Italy. There are lots of photos with him and different Italian women and plenty of tourist photos of famous places in Genoa, Rome, and Venice. His shoulder device indicates he may have been part of Alpha Squadron. Post war he worked in a small arms store depot in Genoa that was likely a gathering point for captured enemy weapons. There is one photo of a dead German soldier who looks burned, and a wounded Italian soldier with severe lacerations on his left buttocks and leg. These two photos were actually removed from the album when I purchased it and were contained in a small envelope tucked in the back of the album along with photos of a dead Mussolini and a photo of a younger Julius in uniform. It's possible that the veteran removed these more graphic photos to when sharing the album with family, but kept them in the envelope. </text>
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                <text>Acquired from The War Store in Johannesburg, South Africa. Additional information pulled from Wikipedia.</text>
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                <text>A common allied safe conduct pass dropped on German soldiers post D-Day.</text>
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                <text>(Translation of the back side of the sheet)&#13;
&#13;
Principles of the Law of War Captives&#13;
(According to the Hague Convention 1907, Geneva Convention 1929)&#13;
&#13;
From the moment of surrender, German soldiers are regarded as prisoners of war and fall under the protection of the Geneva Convention. Accordingly, their rights as soldiers will be fully respected.&#13;
&#13;
Prisoners of war are to be brought to collection points as soon as possible, far enough away from the danger zone to ensure their personal safety.&#13;
&#13;
They will receive the same food, in quality and quantity, as members of the Allied armed forces, and if sick or wounded, they will be treated in the same hospitals as Allied troops.&#13;
&#13;
Badges and valuables are to remain with the prisoners of war. Money may only be taken by officers at the collection points, and for this, a receipt will be issued.&#13;
&#13;
In the prisoner-of-war camps, sleeping quarters, allocation of accommodation, bedding, and other facilities are to be equivalent to those of the Allied garrison troops.&#13;
&#13;
According to the Geneva Convention, prisoners of war may neither be subjected to reprisals nor exposed to public curiosity. After the end of the war, they will be sent home as soon as possible.&#13;
&#13;
Soldiers are defined, under the Hague Convention (IV, 1907), as all armed persons wearing a uniform or a clearly recognizable insignia.&#13;
&#13;
Rules for Capture:&#13;
&#13;
To avoid misunderstandings during capture, the following is required:&#13;
Lay down weapons, remove helmet and belt; raise hands and wave a handkerchief or this leaflet.&#13;
&#13;
US/QB-ZG61-1944</text>
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                <text>Acquired from Antiekcentrum Amsterdam in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Translation provided by ChatGPT.</text>
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216">
                <text>'Jon' was the pseudonym of William John Philpin Jones who was born in Llandrindod Wells, Wales, on 17 August 1913, the son of bookmaker John Jones. His cartoon - now known in Britain as well as in the theatre of war - first appeared in "Eighth Army News" on August 1944; it spread to "Crusader" on Oct 15 and then to all the editions of "Union Jack" on Nov 7.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="217">
                <text>Purchased from The Barnardo Square book market in Dublin, Ireland</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="218">
                <text>Likely 1945 towards the end of the war</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="72" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="497">
        <src>https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/dab310f1c7d7489e0890a35584ddef7e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>f6d8ec7c2167b7248781e285e144277d</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="498">
        <src>https://cicmuseum.org/files/original/11651586eebed8f416d2d08e82c69dd8.jpg</src>
        <authentication>2f7cdb7726360def9c8015cd302dd926</authentication>
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    <collection collectionId="13">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="187">
                  <text>Axis Propaganda Leaflets</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="188">
                <text>German Propaganda Leaflet to Soviet soldiers on the Courland Front</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="189">
                <text>This leaflet contains an appeal from Vlasov's Russian Liberation Army (POA) that was collaborating with the Wehrmacht to Soviet troops fighting in the Courland area. It was printed by Wehrmacht Army Group North (HGr. Nord). DL 016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="190">
                <text>To all personnel of units and formations of the Red Army of the Courland Front&#13;
&#13;
ANNOUNCEMENT&#13;
&#13;
I have the honor to inform you that I, Captain of the Russian Liberation Army, former captain of the Red Army — Vasilyev Mikhail Fyodorovich, have been appointed by the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR) as its Authorized Representative on the Courland Front.&#13;
&#13;
The tasks of my activity include:&#13;
&#13;
Popularization of the great ideas of the Liberation Movement of the Peoples of Russia among the broad masses of personnel of units and formations of the Red Army of the Courland Front.&#13;
&#13;
Carrying out measures for the incorporation of units and formations of the Red Army of the Courland Front into the Armed Forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, whose Commander-in-Chief is Lieutenant General A. A. Vlasov.&#13;
&#13;
Providing assistance to Red Army prisoners of war and refugees.&#13;
&#13;
I am confident that in the measures I am carrying out I will meet full support from your side.&#13;
&#13;
Authorized Representative of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia&#13;
on the Courland Front&#13;
Captain VASILYEV&#13;
&#13;
(Other Side)&#13;
&#13;
To pilots, tank crews, artillerymen, and mortar crews&#13;
of units of the Red Army of the Baltic Front&#13;
&#13;
ANNOUNCEMENT&#13;
&#13;
From reports coming across the front from my friends—former fellow servicemen of the Red Army—it has become known to me, the Authorized Representative of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR) on the Courland Front, Captain Vasilyev M. F., that many of you would like to join Lieutenant General VLASOV, who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the KONR, and place aircraft, tanks, and other equipment at his disposal.&#13;
&#13;
I CLARIFY:&#13;
&#13;
That Red Army servicemen, for the accomplishment of such a holy feat, which contributes to the overthrow of Stalin’s despotism and thereby to the deliverance of the peoples of Russia from the bloody nightmare of war, will be given the full opportunity to fight honorably under the banner of the glorious commander A. A. VLASOV for a New Russia without tyrants, Bolshevism, or exploiters, and will also be rewarded with special distinctions.&#13;
&#13;
Act boldly! The Motherland will repay you a hundredfold!&#13;
&#13;
Authorized Representative of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia&#13;
on the Courland Front&#13;
Captain VASILYEV&#13;
&#13;
[Boxed notice]&#13;
&#13;
The bearer of this notice, having voluntarily crossed over to our side, is to be immediately sent to the Authorized Representative of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia on the Courland Front, Captain VASILYEV.&#13;
&#13;
(German text below repeats the same instruction.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="191">
                <text>Acquired from Ostland Militaria in Vilnius, Lithuania. Translation provided by Chat GPT</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192">
                <text>Most likely Late 1944 - Early 1945</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
